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Effects of Seed Tuber Size on the Yield and Quality of Seven Accessions of Potato

Md. Murad Hossan Chowdhury
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Amirul Islam
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Bangladesh

Md. Atikuzzamman
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Bangladesh

Maria Akter Sathi
Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Sharmin Jahan
Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2011 to February 2012 to study the effect of seed tuber size on the yield and quality of seven accessions of potato. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. This piece of research consisted of two factors namely, size of seed tubers i.e. three different size of seed tuber i.e. small (10-20 g), medium (21-30 g) and large (31-40 g) and seven accessions of potato i.e. AC10064, AC10076, AC10097, AC10109, AC10123, AC10190 and one check variety Cardinal. The size of individual plot was 1.8 m × 1.2 m. Two adjacent unit plots and blocks were separated by 0.5 m and 0.5 m. A spacing of 60 cm × 30 cm was also used in terms of planting. Data on different yield contributing characters and yield were recorded. The tallest plants were produced by the large size of seed tuber accession AC10109 (120.25 cm) which also took minimum time (6.10 days) to germinate and possessed maximum stem diameter (0.95 cm) while small seed tuber of Cardinal required maximum days (10.23 days) along with shortest height (60.22 cm) as well as stem diameter (0.65 cm). The large size seed tuber of accession AC10109 gave maximum number of main stems/hill (6.4) and small size of seed tuber variety Cardinal gave minimum number of main stems/hill (2.96). The large size of seed tuber accession AC10109 produced maximum number of compound leaves/hill (64.80) and the small size of seed tuber Cardinal produced minimum number of compound leaves/hill (35.74). In terms of yield character large size of seed tuber of AC10109 accession exhibited highest results in tuber number 9.60 with the average diameter of tubers (5.86 cm) and yield was 10.42 t/ha. The accessions differed significantly with respect to all the plant characters studied.

Keywords: Accessions quality, Combined effect, Potato, Seed size, Yield

Location: At the Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2011

End Date: 00-02-2012

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Potato

Objectives:

The present work has been undertaken in order to characterize the important potato varieties and size of tubers in relation to their morphological characteristics, growth habit, yield and quality, using morphological traits with a view to investigating the relationship among the accession and selecting suitable ones for commercial cultivation under Bangladesh conditions.

Methodology:

Experimentation The research work was carried out during the period from November 2011 to February 2012 at the Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment consisted of two factors namely, size of seed tubers and accessions. There were three different size of seed tuber i.e. small (10-20 g), medium (21-30 g) and large (31-40 g) and seven accessions of potato. First of all the entire experimental plot was divided into three blocks, each of which was then divided into 21 unit plots. As the experiment was replicated thrice the total number of plots was 63. The treatment combinations were assigned randomly to the unit plots of each block. The size of unit plot was 1.8 m × 1.2 m. Two adjacent unit plots and blocks were separated by 0.5 m and 0.5 m. A spacing of 60 cm × 30 cm was used. The planting materials comprised the sprouted seed tubers of six improved exotic potato accessions i.e. AC10064, AC10076, AC10097, AC10109, AC10123, AC10190 and one check variety Cardinal. The potato accessions were collected from University of Wisconsion, USA. Seed was prepared by preheating and fanning in cold storage premises. They were kept in well-ventilated place where diffused light available for sprout initiation of tubers which led to planting. The well sprouted tubers were cut into three different sizes (small, medium, large) 24 hours before planting to get desired eye number. Production technique e.g. land preparation, manure and fertilizer application, planting seed tubers were followed the guidelines as stated in BARI handbook (Mondal et al., 2011). Intercultural operations i.e. weeding, mulching, irrigation, earthing up and plant protection were done as and when required. The crop was harvested at the sign of full maturity. Haulm cutting was also done at maturity level and after that the tubers were kept under the soil for skin hardening. Collection of data Data were recorded on different morphological parameters, yield components and yield from five randomly selected plants. The different parameters were days required for plant emergence, plant height at 30, 60 and 90 DAP (days after planting), number of main stems per hill, stems diameter at different DAP, number of compound leaves per hill, leaves length at different DAP, leaves breadth at different DAP, fresh weight of plant, number of tubers per hill, average length of tubers, average diameter of tubers from randomly selected tubers of each unit plot after harvesting and was expressed in centimeter, yield of tubers per hill were recorded which was converted per plot and per hectare. Qualitative characters Different qualitative character of tubers at horticultural maturity as stem color and shape, leaf color, outer and inner colour of tubers were recorded by visual estimation. The above mentioned parameters were observed keenly during data collection. Statistical analysis The collected data were compiled and analyzed using the Statistical, Mathematical Calculation and Data Management (MSTAT-C) package program. Morphological variation and yield performance among the varieties were studied by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) by F-test. Relation of variables with the yield was studied using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression analysis. The significance of the difference between pairs of treatment means was evaluated by least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% level of probability (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(2): 200–205, 2019 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i2.41944

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Combined effect of different size of seed tubers and accession were also found as significant influential factors of quality, yield, number of main stem per hill, stem diameter, number of tubers per hill, average length of tubers, average diameter of tubers, yield of tuber per hill, leaves length, maximum leaves diameter, number of compound leaves per hill except stem diameter. The treatment combination of accession AC10109 with large size of seed tuber gave the highest yield of tuber per plot (2.25 kg) while the treatment combination of Cardinal with small size of seed tuber gave lowest yield of tuber per plot (0.81 kg). At 90 days after planting the highest plant height (120.25 cm), stem diameter (0.95 cm), leaves length and diameter (17.00 cm and 7.40 cm respectively), and maximum number of compound leaves per hill (64.80) were observed in the treatment combination of accession AC10109 with large size of seed tuber. On the other hand the lowest yield of tuber per plot (0.081 kg). At 90 days after planting the lowest plant height (60.22 cm), stem diameter (0.65 cm), leaves length and diameter (9.75 cm and 4.42 cm respectively), and minimum number of compound leaves per hill (35.74) were observed in the treatment combination of Cardinal with small size of seed tuber. So, among different accessions, AC10109 performed better in yield and quality when it planted with large size of seed tuber. Most of the accession were able to show their yield potentiality even in the new environment of Bangladesh. A future study is also suggested to carry out in relation of seed size among other different accessions in Bangladesh to find the best result in terms of climate and yield.

Knowledge Management: Journal