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Research Detail

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Md. Maniruzzaman
Soil Resources Development Institute, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Tanzin Chowdhury
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Md. Arifur Rahman
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Akhter Hossain Chowdhury
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Knowledge of phosphorus (P) uptake and its use efficiency by crop plants is essential for adequate management of the plant nutrients to sustain food production with a minimal environmental impact. To study the effects of P on the growth, leaf biomass production, P content and uptake and to estimate P use efficiency (PUE), minimum P requirement and critical leaf P content of stevia, a pot experiment was conducted in the net house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in acid and non-calcareous soils of Bangladesh. The applied treatments was six viz. 0 (P0), 25 (P25), 50 (P50), 75 (P75), 100 (P100) and 150 (P150) kg P ha-1. Plant samples were collected at 15 days interval to obtain different parameters. Collective results indicated that significantly highest values of different parameters were obtained with P @ 100 kg ha-1 and the lowest from P control. Phosphorus application increased leaf  dry yield at harvest by 55 to 510% in acid soil and 70 to 488% in non-calcareous soil over control. The rapid growth of the plant was recorded at the later stages (30 to 60 days after planting). Phosphorus content and uptake was directly proportional with the increased levels of P except the treatment P150 in both soils. Maximum PUE and fertilizer P use efficiency (FPUE) was observed at P100 treatment. Critical P content was estimated to be ca 0.19 and 0.30% in the leaves of stevia plants grown in acid and non-calcareous soils, respectively. For maximum leaf biomass production of stevia grown in acid and non-calcareous soils, the minimum requirement of P was also estimated to be ca 109 and 104 kg ha-1, respectively. The information of this finding would contribute to optimize the soil P use and improve fertilizer management for stevia cultivation.

  Stevia, Leaf biomass yield, PUE, P requirement, Critical P content
  BRAC biotechnology laboratory, Joydebpur, Gazipur
  
  
  Crop-Soil-Water Management
  Land management

To investigate the effects of different levels of P on the growth, leaf biomass yield, P content and its uptake, minimum P requirement, PUE and critical leaf P concentration of stevia in two contrasting soils under the agro climatic conditions of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Before starting the experiment, initial soil pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity (CEC), available P were determined separately. Two soils viz. acid and non-calcareous of contrasting physical and chemical properties were used (Zaman et al., 2015). Approximately 40 kg soils from each location (Madhupur for acid soil and BAU farm for non-calcareous soil) were collected from 0-15 cm depth of selected fellow land for the experiment. The samples were made free from plant residues and other extraneous materials, air dried, ground and sieved through a 2 mm sieve. 500g sieved soil from each source was preserved in a polythene bag and the physical and chemical properties were determined following standard procedure (Page et al., 1982). Eight kg processed soil was taken in each earthen pot of 23 cm in height with 30 cm diameter at top and 18 cm at bottom leaving 3 cm from the top. Forty five days old stevia seedlings (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) were collected from BRAC biotechnology laboratory, Joydebpur, Gazipur and used for the experiment. One stevia seedling was planted in each pot during 1st week of March, 2012. N, K, S, Zn and B were applied as basal doses @ 250, , 200, 30, 3 and 1 kg ha-1 from prilled urea, MoP, gypsum, zinc sulphate and boric acid, respectively (Zaman, 2015). Six levels of P viz. 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 150 kg ha-1 were applied from TSP. Nitrogen was applied in equal three installments, 1/3rd during pot preparation, 1/3rd at 15 days after planting (DAP) and 1/3rd at 30 DAP. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. Intercultural operations like irrigation, soil loosening, weeding, insect pest control, removal of flowers etc. were done as and when necessary. Data were collected at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAP. The crop was destructively harvested at 60 DAP. After harvesting the crop, leaf samples were separated, cleaned, dried for 72 hours, weighed, ground and stored. Plant heights, number of branches and leaves, leaf area, leaf fresh and dry weight were studied. Phosphorus content of stevia leaf was determined colorimetrically using SnCl2 as a reducing agent (Page et al., 1982). Uptake was calculated from P content and leaf dry yield. PUE (grain yield per unit P added) was also calculated (Moll et al., 1982). Phosphorous uptake, utilization and use efficiency were calculated following the below mentioned formulae: Phosphorus Use Efficiency (PUE) = Yield  (kg) / P in soil (kg). Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency (PUPE) = P  in plant (kg) / P in soil (kg). Phosphorus Utilizati on Efficiency (PUTE) = Yield (kg) P / in plant (kg). The mathematical calculation of fertilizer P uptake, utilization and use efficiency was described as: Fertilizer P use Efficiency (FPUE) =  (Fertilize d pot yield - control pot yield) / P applied. Fertilizer P Uptake Efficiency (FPUPE) =  (P in fertilized plant - P in control plant) / P applied.  Fertilizer P Utilizati on Efficiency (FPUTE) = (Yield  of fertilized pot - yield of control pot) / (P in fertilized pot - P in control pot). Phosphorus requirement and critical P content of stevia was also estimated following Chowdhury, 2000. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using standard method of analysis (Steel et al., 1997). The differences among the treatment means were compared by using Duncan Multiple Range test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). 

  Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 4, No. 2, August 2017: 55-68
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

The results clearly showed that all the parameters examined in this study were significantly affected by different doses of phosphorus. The highest values of most parameters were obtained from 100 kg P ha-1 and the lowest values from control. However the decreasing trends in these parameters with further increase beyond 100 kg P ha-1 indicated that higher doses of P could be detrimental to stevia and it should be avoided. Application of P @ 100 kg ha-1 gives highest leaf dry yield at harvest (510% in acid soil and 488% in non- calcareous soil). Same responses were found in case of P content and uptake by stevia in both soils. The highest PUE and FPUE were also recorded at P100 treatment. The overall results suggest that farmers can be advised to apply P @ 109 kg ha-1 in acid soil and 104 kg ha-1 in non-calcareous soil to ensure optimum yield and maximum PUE. However, such studies should be conducted with different combination of soils and applied P before widespread recommendations. 

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