Md. Mehedi Jaman
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
Pravin Mishra
1Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
Marzia Rahman
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
Md. Mahmudul Alam
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
Keywords: Umbilical hernia; Herniorrhaphy; Recurrence; Infection
Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU)
Animal Health and Management
The animals with umbilical hernia brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) were considered as the experimental animal. This study was undertaken during the period from December 2016 to November 2017. Once the patient arrived at VTH, BAU, the parameters like age, sex, breed, bodyweight, season (time) of affection, size of hernia ring and new or recurrent patient were recorded carefully. Treatment of the new patient In new patient, herniorrhaphy was performed with the following procedure: After 24 hours of fasting the animal was controlled in dorsal recumbence and the operative area was prepared with routine aseptic procedure. Diazepam (Sedil® 2%; Square Pharmaceuticals, Bangladesh) at a dose rate of 0.4 mg/kg was administered intramuscularly to sedate the patient. Later, infiltration anaesthesia was followed using 2% lignocaine hydrochloride (Jasocaine®, Jayson Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh) in an inverted ‘V’ shaped manner from cranial to caudal aspect of hernial ring. An elliptical incision was made through the skin and each side of the swelling. After blunt dissection, incision was made on the sac to check for internal adhesion if any. Then the sac was incised just above the ring and contents were pushed back to the abdomen. The ring was scratched and closed by placing a series of overlapping mattress sutures through its edges. Muscles were sutured layer by layer using chromic catgut with simple continuous suture pattern. The skin flaps were apposed by simple interrupted mattress sutures using non-absorbable material. Approach to recurrent patient In case of recurrent animal, history was taken regarding treatment protocol, management of the patient, suture material and suture pattern by interviewing the owner or from the register book at VTH, BAU. The site was inspected carefully whether there was any infection like abscess formation, oozing of pus from umbilicus etc. In our study, we found both infected and non-infected recurrent calves. In case of non-infected calves, the patient was only corrected through further surgical operation by myomattress suture pattern with chromic catgut or Vicryl®. Following surgery, advices were given to the owner for careful management. But in case of infected patient, pus was collected from the site of infection to identify pathogen involved in the infection. After a course of systemic antibiotic, hernia was repaired using routine procedure as stated above. Culture of the sample a) Spread plate method In these steps, samples were subjected to 10-fold serial dilutions and a small aliquot was poured to an agar plate. The samples were then distributed evenly over the surface of Mannitol-salt agar media, MacConkey agar media and Blood agar media with a bent glass rod. Glass rod was sterilized by dipping into 70% alcohol solution and then passed it quickly through the Bunsen burner flame. When all alcohol was burned off and rod was air cooled, the plate was streaked up and down several times. Then the plates were inoculated at 37 0C for 24 hours (overnight). After incubation, the plate was examined for the growth of bacteria as colonies on the surface of culture medium. b) Streak plate method It was the method of culturing aerobic bacteria by streaking the surface of a solid medium in a petridish with an inoculating loop. This inoculating loop was sterilized by heat then cooled. Sample was taken with a sterilized loop. The sample was placed at one point on solid surface of Mannitol-salt agar media, MacConkey agar media and Blood agar media. The samples were streaked several times on the surface. The culture media were inoculated at 370C for 24 hours (overnight) in anaerobic condition. After incubation, the plate was examined for the growth of bacteria as colonies on the surface of culture medium Staining of the bacterial agent Gram’s staining Gram’s staining was performed according to the method described by (Cheesbrough, 2006). One or two drops of distilled water were taken on a dry grease free clean slide. The colony of the test bacteria was taken with an inoculating loop and mixed with the water to make smear. Smear was fixed by gentle heat. The smear was flooded with crystal violet for two minutes and then washed with water. Then Gram’s iodine was added to act as mordent for one minute and washed with water. Acetone alcohol was used to decolorize the stain and allowed for few seconds. After washing with water, safranin was added as counter stain and allowed to stain for 2 minutes. Finally, smear was washed with water, blotted and dried in air and then examined under microscope under 100X objective using immersion oil. Analysis of data All values of umbilical hernial occurrence and recurrence percentages of umbilical hernia after herniorrhaphy related to risk factors like age, sex, breed, body weight, the season of affection, size of the hernial ring, suture materials, error in suture patterns and infections involvement in the recurrence were reported as numeric forms and calculated as a percentage for each group.
J Bangladesh Agril Univ 16(3): 464–470, 2018 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)
Journal