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Morphological Characteristics of Different Accessions of Cynodon Dactylon(l.) Pers. and Physico-chemical Properties of Soil of Their Growing Region in Bangladesh

S.K. Nitu
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

S.M.S.Islam
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

M.H. Tarique
Department of Agronomy and Agriculture Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Distribution as well as adaptation of Cynodon dactylon to different ecological zones of Bangladesh is mainly dependent on weather and adaphic factors of their respective habitats. Generally, it is a warm season perennial grass species that initiates growth in the vernal season and its growth continues rapidly when moisture is adequate and they find the alkaline clay soil as their habitat. From that point of view, this study was aimed at analysing the morphological variations of Cynodon dactylonecotypes along with determining the physicochemical properties of soils from their particular habitats. A total of 19 ecotypes /accessions from four different zones of Bangladesh were collected along with the habitat soil and all of them were transplanted in experimentation field of Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. All the accessions were established in 1.5 × 1.4 m plots separately. At maturity just after started flowering, the morphological data on 26 characters were recorded quantitatively and those were analyzed statistically. Rhizomatous and stoloniferous nature was observed from randomly selected areas within the plot. Both significant and non-significant variations were found among the morphological characters. Most of the vegetative and reproductive characters were found to show significant variations among the accessions. In addition, the values obtained on physio-chemical properties of soil were tabulated and their magnitude were determined and interpreted following Fertilization Recommendation Guide. In respect of soil properties variation on morphological parameters of almost of all the accessions were observed. In this study, all the accessions were found to be adapted nicely in alkaline soil of the experimentation field and that might be due to their many physiological and biochemical mechanisms.

Keywords: Morphology, Soil properties, Cynodon dactylon

Location: IBSc, Institute of Rajshahi University

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil fertility

Objectives:

The objective of the present study was to make an analysis of morphological variation of C. dactylon ecotypes from botanic as well as agronomic points of view, and their determination of physico-chemical properties of their habitat soils.

Methodology:

Study sites A total of 19 ecotypes of Cynodon dactylon were collected from 04(four) different zones of Bangladesh. Selection was based on environmental conditions of the collection site. The selective districts were presented. The study was carried out at the research field of IBSc, Institute of Rajshahi University. The site has an annual average rainfall of 661.2 mm of which the majority falls during the main rainy season (July-September). No fertilizers were used in the experimentation field.The soil at the research field is loamy soil. All (19) the accessions of C. dactylon were established from root splits in 1.5m ×1.4m plots, collected from 19 habitats belonging to 04(four) zones. Data were recorded on 26 characters. The characters were selected for their agronomic/taxonomic relevance and expected variation among accessions. The morphological characters were observed within the first 4 months just after cutting before most accessions had started flowering.Owing to the rhizomatous and stoloniferous nature of Cynodon dactylon it was difficult to identify individual plants. So, observations were made randomly within the plot. Six randomly selected areas of 25 cm × 25 cm in the plot were chosen for rhizome observations and six randomly selected areas of 200 cm × 50 cm at the end of the plot for stolon observations. Plants were removed from three areas at the time of cutting and after 7 weeks the numbers of rhizomes or stolon in the selected areas were counted. The collected ecotypes were grown under same environmental conditions at research field of IBSc Institute of Rajshahi University, till their acclimatization to evaluate genetically fixed characteristics during long evolutionary history. Plants were uprooted carefully and washed with distilled water. For dry weight, plant samples were oven-dried at 65°c for 48 hours and constant dry weight was achieved. For determination of the leaf area single segment of leaf was cut off with the help of a sharp knife, weighted after oven -drying and then it was calculated by using the following formula: Leaf area = Area of segment x weight of leaves/ Weight of segment. Analysis of soil samples- Soil from rhizosphere was taken from each habitat to analyze the physico-chemical characteristics at 16 cm depth. The soil extract was used to determine the pH, organic matters c/o, potassium(K+), Calcium (Ca²⁺), Magnesium (Mg²⁺) total nitrogen, phosphorus(P), Sulfur (S), Boron(B), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Zink (Zn) of soil.The19 different soil samples were collected from 19 different habitats. Then collected soil was air-dried for 7 days and then sieved using a 2 mm mesh to remove debris. Air-dried and sieved soil (250 gm) was used for soil analysis. Soil pH was measured by HANNA HI 92210N ATC pH Meter. Total organic matter was determined following the wet oxidation method as described by Walkley and Black (1934) and the micro Kjeldahi procedure was used for the determination of total nitrogen (Bremnerv and Mulvaney, 1982). Available phosphorus, sulfur and boron were measured by using spectrophotometer at 890nm. Magnesium, Calcium, Manganese, Copper, Iron and Zinc were obtained using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer Model 403, Shelton, Connecticut, USA). Available Potassium was measured by using a flame photometer. Phosphorus was determined following the Olsen method [pH= 6.6−7.3 (Neutral),6.5>, (Acidic)7.4<(Alkaline) and Organic matter (OM) =below 1-Very low, 1-1.7 –Low, 1.8-3.4 -Medium, A change of pH and oxidation state can increase or decrease the potential bio availability of metals in soil.Metals such as Zn, Cu, and Mn are essential for living organisms at low concentrations, but became toxic of increasing concentrations.The soil test values were interpreted based on critical limits following Fertilization Recommendation Guide. Statistical analysis- A statistical comparison of means of different accessions and their characters was carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunkan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Significance level was set at p<0.05. The data analysis was done busing SPSS version 20.0 for Windows. Graphs were drawn by Excel software.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biosciences | IJB |, Vol. 15, No. 5, p. 350-369, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/15.5.350-369

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present research study was of academic interest particularly in relation to adaptation of Cynodon dactylon accessions collected from four different zones of Bangladesh. A total of nineteen accessions were evaluated agro-morphologically and they showed variability as far as the quantitative parameters were concerned. Most of the collected germplasm were found to be susceptible to the weather and alkaline clay soil of the experimentation field. Observations from this study indicate both significant and non-significant variations among the accessions in terms of vegetative and reproductive characters. Rhizomatous and stoloniferous nature showed both maximum and minimum growth variation. Soil properties of their habitat were found to be somewhat different in many cases compared to that of the experimentation field. But at the same time all the accessions were found to be well adapted to the soil of experimentation field which indicates the functional qualities like rigidity, resiliency, elasticity, rooting capacity etc. of this grass species. All the end, it may be said that further studies are needed for better characterization of C. dactylon in order to assess the potential benefits compared that of other alike grass species.

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