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Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Attributes of Lettuce (lactuca Sativa L.)

Md. Shariful Islam
Dept. of Agricultural Extension, Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215

Md. Huzzatul Islam
Dept. of Agricultural Extension, Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215

Md. Abdur Rouf
AdaptiveResearch and Extension Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Most. Papia Sultana
Dept.of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipu

Md. Shamiul Haque
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applied alone or combined with on lettuce plant yield during the period 2011. The experiment considered two factors; viz. Factor A: four levels of nitrogen kg/ha (0, 110, 160 and 210); and Factor B: four levels phosphorus kg/ha (0, 110, 160 and 210). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data on yield and yield attributes of lettuce were collected at different days after transplanting and green yield of lettuce were collected at harvesting time. At 55 DAT (at harvest) the longest plant height (27.76 cm), leaf yield per plant (393.28 g), yield per hectare (39.39 t/ha), was recorded from N3 (210 kg/ha) and the shortest plant height (23.14 cm), leaf yield per plant (314.67 g), yield per hectare (31.51 t/ha), was recorded from control whereas the maximum (31.30) number of leaves per plant was recorded from N2 (160 kg/ha). At harvest the longest (27.88 cm) plant height, number of leaves per plant (31.74), leaf yield per plant (385.35 g), yield per hectare (38.57 t/ha) was observed in P3(210 kg/ha) and the shortest plant height (22.87 cm), the minimum number of leaves (24.61), yield per plant (320.86 g), yield per hectare (31.09 t/ha) observed from control. Among different treatment combinations N2P3 (160 kg N/ha +125 kg P/ha) performed the highest (38.09 t/ha) yield. So N2P3 was the suitable combination for lettuce production than those of others. The highest (2.24) benefit cost ratio was performed from the treatment combination of N2P3 (160 kg N/ha +125 kg P/ha) and the lowest benefit cost ratio (1.46) was obtained from control treatment. The study found that the higher yield and economic return of lettuce production could be obtained by cultivating the crop with 160 kg N/ha and 125 kg P/ha.The results indicated that application of urea-formaldehyde as a slow release nitrogen fertilizer solely or combined with phosphorus significantly improved yield and yield quality of lettuce plants grown in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Lettuce, Yield, Yield attributes

Location: Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-00-2011

End Date: 00-00-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Lettuce

Objectives:

i) to identify the optimum doses of nitrogen and phosphorus for the growth, development and yield of lettuce; and ii) to know the combined effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on lettuce production.

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted at the Central Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, to evaluate the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield of lettuce date of experiment 2011. The experiment consisted of four levels of nitrogen treatments viz., control (0 kg N/ha), 110 kg N/ha, 160 kg N/ha, 210 kg N/ha, and four levels of phosphorus treatments viz., control (0 kg P/ha), 75 kg P/ha, 100 kg P/ha, 125 kg P/ha. The factorial experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. There were altogether 16 treatment combinations in this experiment. Each unit plot size was 2 m × 1.2 m where 1.0 m and 0.5 m gap between blocks and plots respectively were maintained. The experimental plots were fertilized with 10 ton cowdung, 150 kg MP as three installment, different levels of nitrogen were applied as Urea as three installment and phosphorus fertilizer were applied as TSP during final land preparation according to different levels of treatments. The following amount of manures and fertilizers were used which are shown as tabular form recommended by Rashid (1999). Data were recorded on the following parameters from the sample plants during the course of experiment. The height of plant, number of leaves per plant, length of larger leaf, breadth of larger leaf was taken from 10 random selected plants from inner row of each plot and expressed in centimeter (cm) at 25, 35, 45 and 55 days after transplanting (DAT) in the experimental plots. Leaves of 10 randomly selected plants were detached by a sharp knife and fresh weight of leaves was recorded in gram. Yield of lettuce per plot was recorded as the whole plant after harvest from each plot (2.0 m × 1.2 m) and was expressed in kilogram. Yield per hectare of lettuce was calculated by converting the weight of plot yield to hectare and was expressed in ton.Dry matter content per plant After harvesting 100g of leaf sample previously sliced into very thin pieces were put into envelop and placed in oven and dried at 60⁰C for 72 hours. The sample was then transferred into desiccators and allowed to cool down to the room temperature and then final weight of the sample was taken. The dry matter contents of leaves were computed by simple calculation from the weight recorded by the following formula:

Dry matter content = (Constant dry weight x 100%)/Fresh weigh

Economic analysis The cost of production was analyzed in order to find out the most economic treatment of nitrogen and potassium. All input cost was considered in computing the cost of production. The market price of lettuce was considered for estimating the return. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) was calculated as follows:

Benefit cost ratio = Gross return per hectare (Tk.)/Total cost of production per hectare (Tk.)

Statistical Analysis The data obtained from different parameters were statistically analyzed to find out the significance difference Nitrogen and Potassium on yield and yield contributing characters of lettuce. The mean values of all the characters were calculated and analysis of variance was performed by the ‘F’ (variance ratio) test. The significance of the difference among the treatment combinations means were estimated by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of probability (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Biosci. Agric. Res. 23(01): 1872-1844

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.230119.231

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Nitrogen and phosphorus had the significant influences on yield and yield contributing characters of lettuce. Application of N3 (210 kg N/ha), P3 (160 kg P/ha) and in combination N2P3 (160 kg N/ha +125 kg P/ha) give the better growth and yield of lettuce.

Knowledge Management: Journal