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Manholes as an Important Breeding Sites for Culex Mosquitoes in Gazipur City Corporation, Bangladesh

G. M. Saifur Rahman
Department of Zoology, National University, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A longitudinal study in under constructing Manholes (considered as mosquito breeding trap of the study area) in a newly constructing road in the ward number 35 was conducted in the post monsoon period of 2016. Four species of mosquito population were available in the stagnant water of temporary breeding sites. Among them Cx. quinquefasciatus was the dominant species (98.6%) followed by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (0.5%), Ar. subalbatus (0.5%) and Cx. fuscocephala (0.4%). Though the breeding sites were temporary and stayed until finishing the construction, yet the results indicated the abundant population of available mosquitoes including status of key species in the urban area of the city corporation.

Keywords: Culex, Immature, Constructing manhole, Mosquito

Location: Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2016

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Mosquito Bug

Objectives:

The study was carried out in the under construction site, which was considered as a trap of major urban Culex mosquito, to know its species composition and abundance or fitness of breeding efficiency.

Methodology:

Studies were conducted at different construction sites on roads in Ward no. 35 of GCC. It is spread over 330 square kilometers and is located on the north border of the capital Dhaka of Bangladesh. The city lies within 23.88? - 24.34? and 90.15? - 90.70? latitude and longitude, respectively. The climate is sub-tropical with an annual average temperature of this area is 13 to 36⁰C and annual rainfall is around 2400 mm. It has a big low land, rice fields and a considerable forest area. It supports a huge population of about 2.5 million with a density of 2,505 per km² and an annual growth rate of 5.2% (BBS 2011). It is one of the newly formed municipalities with a vast sub-urban and rural area. The area includes two old metropolises those were established in different time since 1974 (Tongi Pourosava). The city is important due to its situational, commercial and organizational importance. It contains country’s major Agricultural Research Institutes, Universities and other Organizations, and many other educational institutions including Medical Colleges, etc. This area also has experienced rapid advancement in the industrial sectors, which are contributing in high population density, accelerating urbanization with constructing new buildings, roads and drains. Field sampling and larval collections: Immature stages of mosquito population were collected from the under constructing manholes during the construction of Bot tola road in 2016. Samples were collected for a period of three months in the post monsoon period, from October to December. Twenty four manholes were randomly selected from one kilometre long under constructing road started from Boardbazar to Bot tola under the ward number 35 in GCC. Immature mosquitoes were collected from the selected manholes by using standard dipping technique (Service 1993). Water samples with immature mosquito were collected by dipping a plastic dipper, 125 mm in diameter with a 900 mm wooden handle. Five dips were taken from each habitat. The collected samples (water containing immature mosquito) were transferred into labelled plastic bags with collection date, drain number, dip number, etc. and carried to the laboratory for further analysis. In the laboratory, the immature mosquitoes were counted for each dip and recorded according to different instars. Ten per cent immature were killed by using 70% alcohol and preserved until laboratory identification. Others were reared and allowed to become adult. All, immature and adults were identified up to the species level according to standard taxonomic key (Harbach 1985). Collected mosquito samples were identified in the laboratory of Zoology, Bhawl Bodre Alam College, Gazipur. Statistical analysis: The average population density of mosquito immature per dip was calculated. Means and standard deviations were calculated and compared by the one-way ANOVA. If the ANOVA shows significant inequality of the means at p = 95%, they were exposed to pair-wise comparisons based on Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. The multiple regression analysis was applied to examine the relation of the mosquito population densities. The SPSS software (Version 23 for windows, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(2): 139-148, 2017 ISSN: 0304-9027 (print) 2408-8455 (online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study over a short period of time and small area, the results indicated an overall population status of nuisance mosquitoes in the urban area in GCC. It also suggests that the activities of the construction sites, not only road and highways but also other construction sites, including housing and industrial projects, create new mosquito breeding sites by making changes in the ecology of the environment. These changes are suitable for supporting prolific mosquito breeding. Since the problem is created by the construction industry related to sanitation and construction; mosquito control should link with the respective authorities together with disease control and health department. Moreover, conducting integrated mosquito control with emphasizing environmental management, biological control and adequate sanitization of construction workers and owners may help reducing these nuisance mosquito population and their breeding scopes.

Knowledge Management: Journal