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Bio-energy Potential of Different Food Wastes

Shammi Akter
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Sadia Mehjabin Tasnim
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Chayan Kumer Saha
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Rajesh Nandi
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Sanaul Huda
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Converting waste into biogas has the benefits of reducing emissions to the atmosphere and adding energy to the society for improving the livelihood of the people. An extensive amount of food waste is generated regularly from the residential area, student hostels, restaurants, markets. Thus food waste can be a fruitful alternative for biogas production. Therefore, experimental research work was commenced at the GEKH (Green Energy Knowledge Hub) laboratory of the department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University to analyze the potentiality of biogas production of different food wastes. Four lady's halls were selected for the study. An approximate amount of total food waste of these halls was estimated through survey and visual inspection. Furthermore, food wastes were collected from these halls for conducting a batch experiments for understanding gas production potential from the wastes. Food wastes such as various vegetable wastes like potato, cauliflower, cabbage, bean; chicken slaughter and fish waste were classified; wastes from the plates were selected for this study. The whole experiment was conducted in an incubator where all the substrates were mixed with a seeding inoculum (same volatile solid ratio) for 54 days retention time with three replications at 35⁰C temperature. Total waste production from the four female student halls was 860 kg/day among which vegetable wastes was 40%, slaughter and fish wastes was 20% and wastes from people's plate was 40%. It was found that slaughter and fish waste mixture was more potential substrate in biogas production than other selected substrates respectively. The cumulative biogas production of slaughter and fish waste mixture and cumulative bio-methane potentiality of slaughter and fish waste mixture were found 256.13 ml/g VS and 190.08 ml/g VS, respectively. From the total wastes, about 11.68 m³/day methane can be produced for mixed type waste by which 44.16% of natural gas consumption of four student halls can be substituted.

Keywords: Kitchen waste, Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Batch study

Location: Sultana Razia Hall, Taposhi Rabeya Hall, Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Hall, Begum Rokeya Hall, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-10-2018

End Date: 04-01-2019

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Bio-gas

Objectives:

To understand the type and amount of wastes produced from the student kitchen, and biochemical methane production potential of different types of food waste.

Methodology:

Study site and duration: Four students halls namely Sultana Razia Hall, Taposhi Rabeya Hall, Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Hall, Begum Rokeya Hall, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh were selected for this study. The study was conducted during October 1, 2018 to October 5, 2018 and December 31, 2018 to January 4, 2019 for understanding seasonal variability of the wastes.

Type and amount of wastes: Food wastes are of different types in manner generated from kitchen and whole halls. These types are: (i) vegetable wastes, (ii) fish wastes, (iii) slaughter or poultry wastes, and (iv) wastes from peoples’ plates. These waste types were being identified through survey and visual inspection in the kitchen of the halls and adjacent areas. A questionnaire was used for collecting the information from the cook and students. Two cooks working in the kitchen of the hall were asked to answer all the questions of the questionnaire to quantify the amount of wastes. Wastebaskets and adjacent areas of halls were inspected visually for understanding and collecting information regarding the food wastes. The visual inspect following the same procedure, the amount of waste from all the four ladies halls was determined and the total amount of wastes generated from the halls was obtained. Experimental site The experiment was conducted at the Biogas laboratory of GEKH (Green Energy Knowledge Hub), Dept. of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Selection of co-substrates: For conducting experiment it is necessary to choose specific biomass source for increased biogas production without any experimental hazards. The collected food wastes which were easily degradable, selected for the batch study.   Inoculum selection and preparation As inoculum, the anaerobic sludge of dairy manure from biogas plant was selected for this experiment. During the batch assay to minimize the biogas production from inoculum, it was stored for 2 weeks in an incubator at 35 0C.

Petreatment: Pretreatments of substrates are essential parameter for conducting this experiment to avoid hazardous circumstances. Pretreatment is the process of pre-making the substrate easily degradable by removing the substances that obstructs the biogas production and decelerates the hydrolysis step before being introduced into the digester. Cutting and chopping into small pieces by using knives and scissors was the main pretreatments of the substrates for this experiment. Sieving the inoculum was done to remove the clod particles to perform the experiment smoothly.

Temperature condition: For the batch study, mesophilic condition was selected. Methanogenesis bacteria are inactive in extremely high and low temperatures; the most suitable temperature for mesophilic conditions is 35 0C (Lund et al., 1996). This temperature condition was maintained for conducting this experiment. Data collection and analysis: During the experiments, the data from the batch studies were accumulated in MS excel 2010 for further analysis.

Analysis of batch study: Triplication of each substrates samples and control containing the only inoculum was done for analysis. These triplicates were carried out for this batch study experiment including control that indicated the productivity of the inoculum. In order to obtain the production of the sole substrate, methane produced from each sample was corrected by subtracting the volume of methane produced from the inoculum control.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(1): 138–144, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.75078

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Different types of food wastes collected from halls were digested experimentally in the laboratory and their behavior on biogas production as well as methane production was monitored. From the batch study of selected biomass it was figured out that slaughter and fish waste mixture was generating more methane than other biomass. Total amount of food wastes generated from four ladies halls of BAU was found about 860 kg/day (approx.). Almost about 11.68 m³/day methane from mixed type waste can be produced from total wastes generated from four ladies halls. About 44.16% of natural gas consumption can be substituted by the total produced biogas from these wastes generated every day from four ladies halls. The percentage of biogas production can be increased if the amount of slaughter and fish waste mixture in the mixed waste is increased as these wastes were holding more potentiality of producing methane than other substrates.

Knowledge Management: Journal