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Effects of Composition, Age and Sterilization Techniques of Mother Culture on the Growth and Yield of Volvariella Volvacea (bull.) Singer

Nuhu Alam
Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

Shailendra Mohon Singha
Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The research work was carried out to investigate the efficacy of different mother culture media viz., rice straw (T-₁), rice straw and rice bran (T-₂), rice husk (T-3), rice grain (T-₄), maize grain (T-₅), and rice straw and wheat bran (T-₆) and the impact of age of mother culture and substrate sterilization techniques viz., sun dried for 8 hrs covering with transparent polythene (A-1), black polythene (A-2), blue polythene (A-3) sheet, autoclave for two hrs at 121°C (A-4), and hot water for one hr (A-5) for the commercial cultivation of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer. The maximum mycelium run rate and minimum days required for completing the mother culture were recorded in T-₄. The lowest days required for primordial initiation (DRFPI) was 6 in T-₁ and T-₂, whereas highest DRFPI was recorded in T-₃. The maximum (13.33) days required for first harvest (DRFFH) and lowest (109) number of effective fruiting bodies (NEFB) were recorded in T-₃. The minimum (10.67 days) DRFFH was found in T-₂ and maximum (239.30) NEFB was recorded in T-₁. The lowest length and diameter (LFB and DFB) were recorded in T-₅ (3.03 cm) and T-₁ (1.66 cm), while highest LFB and DFB were observed in T-₃ (3.20 and 2.39 cm). Maximum biological yield and efficiency were observed in rice straw and wheat bran materials. The highest NEFB, DFB, biological yield and efficiency were recorded in 30 days old of mother culture. The results revealed that combined rice straw and wheat bran were the excellent mother culture medium and 30 days old was the best age for the commercial production of paddy straw mushroom. Considering the experimental results on the sterilization techniques it may be suggested that hot water sterilization of rice straw substrate was the best sterilization technique for the commercial production and yield improvement of V. volvacea.

Keywords: Biological efficiency, Mother culture, Sterilization technique, Volvariella volvacea, Yield attributes

Location: Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mushroom

Objectives:

1. To select an ideal material for mother culture medium; and

2. To evaluate the suitable age of mother culture and substrate sterilization technique for the commercial cultivation of V. volvacea.

Methodology:

The fruiting bodies of Volvariella volvacea was obtained from the National Mushroom Development and Extension Centre (NAMDEC), Sobhanbag, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This experiment was carried out at the laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka. Rice straw was used as substrate in this study. Six different mother culture media were selected for this experiment. The mother cultures were prepared by the following manner, T-₁ = Rice straw were chopped into 3 - 4 cm and added equal amount of water, T-₂ = Mix chopped rice straw of 3 - 4 cm with rice bran at 3 : 1 ratio and added equal amount of water,T-₃ = Rice husk soaked in water for three hrs and then drain out the excess water, T-₄ = Rice grain boiled for 1.5 - 2 hrs and then drain out the excess water, T-₅= Maize grain boiled for 1.5 - 2 hrs and then drain out the excess water,T-₆ = Mix chopped rice straw of 3 - 4 cm with wheat bran at 3 : 1 and then added equal amount of water. Polypropylene bags of (7" × 10") were filled with 230 g of medium for T-₁, T-₂ and T-₆, 170 g for T-₃ and 300 g for T-₄ and T-₅. The necks of the bags were heat resistant plastic. A hole of about 2/3 deep of the volume of the bags was made at the centre with a sharp end stick for space to put inoculum. The neck was plugged with cotton and covered with brown paper and tied with robber. The packets were sterilized in an autoclave for one hr at 120°C under 1 kg/ pressure. After sterilization the packets were cooled for 24 hrs and transferred to a clean bench. PDA culture medium containing mycelium of V. volvacea was placed aseptically in the hole of mother culture packet and again plugged as mentioned above. Then the inoculated packets was placed in the culture room at 26-37°C. To determine effective age of mother culture rice straw and wheat bran mother culture medium (T-₆) was prepared as mentioned above and kept 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 days after inoculation. For determination of effective substrate sterilization technique, rice straw was chopped into 3-4 inches in length and treated with five different treatments (A) in the following manner: A-1, sun dried for 8 hrs covering with transparent polypropylene (pp); A-2, sun dried for 8 hrs covering with black pp; A-3, sun dried for 8 hrs covering with blue pp; A-4, mixing with equal amount of water poured the chopped rice straw into a net bag and autoclave for two hrs at 121°C and A-5, poured the chopped rice straw into a net bag and treated with hot water for one hr and allowed to drain out the excess water by hanging the bag for 20 hrs. Transparent polythene sheet was placed in the incubation room and then both end open box was placed on the sheet. The size of the box was 100 cm (length) × 30 cm (width) × 30 cm (height). The first layer was filled with 4 cm sterilized rice straw then inoculated with mother culture and covered with 4 cm sterilized rice straw and again inoculated with mother culture covered with 3 cm sterilized rice straw and after inoculating with mother culture the 3^rd layer was covered with 1cm sterilized rice straw. The mother culture was taken out of the packet followed by placing on a tray breaks into small pieces and placed in each layer at 2 - 3 cm intervals at peripheral region. The whole bed was covered with a transparent polythene sheet. After 8 days, the sheet was removed for sufficient aeration, light, temperature and humidity, so that fructifications could be ensured. Temperature and relative humidity during the experiment were 27-38°C and 85 - 95%, respectively and mushrooms were harvested at egg stage. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. Data on mycelium growth rate, days to complete mycelium running, days required to primordial initiation, days to required first harvest, number of effective fruiting bodies, length and diameter of fruiting bodies, biological yield and efficiency were noted. Data were analyzed according to standard methods using the MSTAT-C program. Means were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 49(2): 387-393, 2020 (March)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i2.49320

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It could be concluded that preparation of mushroom bed with 25 to 30 days old mother culture give highest growth and yield and the sterilization of rice straw substrate with hot water for one hr was the best sterilization technique for the commercial production of V. volvacea.

Knowledge Management: Journal