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Research Detail

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Mst Masuma Akhter
Bangladesh wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Dinajpur, 5200 Bangladesh

Akbar Hossain
Bangladesh wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Dinajpur, 5200 Bangladesh

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
P.O. Box 7, Miki-cho post office, Ikenobe 3011-2, Kagawa-ken, 761-0799 Japan

Jagadish Timsina
Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia

Md Shohidul Islam
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200 Bangladesh

Farmers in Bangladesh are always seeking an optimal seed rate to reduce production costs and increase wheat yield. The Wheat Research Centre (WRC) of Bangladesh has developed new wheat varieties over several years. To reduce production costs and obtain higher grain yield (GY) from these varieties, optimum seeding rates are needed. In this context, a two-year field experiment was conducted with five newly released wheat varieties (‘BARI Gom 24’, ‘BARI Gom 25’, ‘BARI Gom 26’, ‘BARI Gom 27’ and ‘BARI Gom 28’) and three seeding rates (100, 120 and 140 kg ha-1). These treatments were performed under irrigation in the WRC research field in Northern Bangladesh to determine the optimum seeding rates for these varieties. Significantly higher GY (p≤0.05) was obtained with a seeding rate of 140 kg ha-1 for all varieties, compared to other rates. A seeding rate less than the recommended rate (120 kg ha-1) for all varieties failed to produce comparable GY in both years. Among all varieties, ‘BARI Gom 26’ had the highest GY while ‘BARI Gom 25’ had the lowest GY in both years. Although the interaction effect of variety and seeding rate on GY did not vary significantly (p≤0.05) in both years, surplus GY was 467 and 233 kg ha-1, respectively for ‘BARI Gom 24’, 63 and 75 kg ha-1 for ‘BARI Gom 25’, 81 and 93 kg ha-1 for ‘BARI Gom 26’, 23 and 66 kg ha-1 for ‘BARI Gom 27’, and 152 and 220 kg ha-1 for ‘BARI Gom 28’ in the first and second year when seeded at 140 kg ha-1. For the same seed rate, the GY of ‘BARI Gom 24’ increased by 5.3 to 9.6% and that of ‘BARI Gom 28’ increased from 2.8 to 5% over the two years. Therefore, a seeding rate of 140 kg seed ha-1 is recommended for ‘BARI Gom 24’ and ‘BARI Gom 28’, while the current recommended rate (120 kg ha-1) should be continued for the other three varieties when grown under irrigation on the Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain of Bangladesh.

  Seeding rate, Wheat, Plant population, Tillers, Yield
  Bangladesh
  
  
  Crop-Soil-Water Management
  Wheat

The present research was conducted to determine the optimum seeding rate for five recently released varieties for the Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain of Bangladesh.

2.1 Site description 2.1.1 Location of the experiment was conducted in the WRC, BARI, Dinajpur over two consecutive years (2013-14 and 2014-15) in wheat-growing seasons (Nov. to April). The geographical position of the area is between 25º 44.574" N and 88º 40.344" E, and 40 m above sea level. The Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) of the area is the Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ1). This zone has the largest wheat area and also produces the largest amount of wheat in the country. 2.1.2 Soil characteristics in the experimental field Soils of the experimental sites were analyzed before sowing wheat. The pre-seeding total soil N was 0.06%, indicating a deficiency in soil N. Soil available K was 0.18 meq 100 g-1 soil, and available P, S, Zn and B were 18.5, 5.5, 0.79 and 0.15 µg g–1 soil, respectively. Based on the critical level of these plant nutrients, K, S, Zn and B were low, but P was high. Soil pH was 5.3 and organic matter was 1.3%. 2.1.3 Temperature, humidity and rainfall in 2013-14 and 2014-15 Weather data on weekly average temperature, humidity and rainfall in both years were recorded regularly by the HOBO U12 Family of Data Loggers (MicroDAQ.com) at the meteorological station, at Dinajpur WRC.  2.2 Experimental design and treatments The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Treatments were three seeding rates (100, 120 and 140 Kg ha-1) and five elite existing wheat varieties (‘BARI Gom 24’, ‘BARI Gom 25’, ‘BARI Gom 26’, ‘BARI Gom 27’ and ‘BARI Gom 28’). The unit plot size (3×3 m) consisted of 15 rows, each 3 m long, and a row-to-row distance of 20 cm and a block-to-block distance of 1.5 m. 2.3 Experimental procedure and crop management 2.3.1 Variety, seeding rate, sowing time, seed treatment and insecticide  In both wheat seasons, all varieties were sown in lines by hand on November 21. Seeding rate was as indicated for each treatment. Before sowing, seeds of all varieties were treated with a popular fungicide, Provax-200 WP, which contains carboxin and thiram (marketed by Hossain Enterprise CC Bangladesh Ltd., in association with Chemtura Corp., USA). Furadan 5G (containing Carbofuran, marketed by FMC International S.A. Bangladesh Ltd.) was broadcasted at 10 kg ha-1 for controlling soil-borne insects. 2.3.2 Fertilizer, irrigation, mulching and weeding Fertilizer N, P, K, S, Zn and B, respectively, at 100, 27, 40, 20, 10 and 1 kg ha-1 was applied as recommended by the WRC. During final land preparation, two-thirds of N and a full amount of the other fertilizers were applied as basal. The remaining N fertilizer was applied immediately after the first irrigation, namely 18 days after sowing (DAS), while second, third and fourth irrigations were applied at 50, 73 and 88 DAS. Mulching was done at 28 DAS and hand weeding at 45 DAS. 2.3.3 Data collection Initial plants m-2 was recorded at 12 DAS, while number of tillers m-2 was recorded at 30, 40 and 50 DAS. The crop was harvested on 28 March in 2014 (for the 2013-14 season), and 30 March 2015 (for the 2014-15 season). GY, biomass yield (BY), and yield-related attributes were recorded from a 2.5 × 2.6 m area from the center of each plot. Samples from the harvested area from each plot were bundled separately, tagged and manually threshed on a threshing floor. Bundles were thoroughly dried in bright sunshine before their weights were recorded. Data on plant height (cm), productive tillers m−2, spike length (cm), spikelets spike−1, grains spike−1, 1000-grain weight (g; TGW), GY (kg ha−1) and BY (kg ha−1) were recorded. GY and TGW were recorded at 12% moisture content (Hellevang, 1995), while BY at harvest was recorded on a sun-dry basis.

  Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 41 (2), 389-396, 2019
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

The results of the present study reveal that there were no significant differences in GY at 120 and 140 kg seed ha-1. However, GY was significantly lower at 100 kg seed ha-1. Across the five varieties, ‘BARI Gom 26’ had significantly highest GY while ‘BARI Gom 25’ had the significantly lowest GY in both years. Although the interaction effect of varieties and seeding rate on GY was not significant in both years, the yield advantage of ‘BARI Gom 24’ was highest (467 and 233 kg ha-1 surplus yield), followed by ‘BARI Gom 28’ (152 and 220 kg ha-1 surplus yield), but it was lowest for ‘BARI Gom 27’ (i.e., 23 and 66 kg ha-1) respectively in 2013- 14 and 2014-15, when seeded at 140 kg ha-1. The GY of ‘BARI Gom 24’ increased by 5.3 to 9.6% and that of ‘BARI Gom 28’ increased by 2.8 to 5%, at a seeding rate of 140 kg ha-1 in the two years. Therefore, a seeding rate of 140 kg ha-1 is recommended for ‘BARI Gom 24’ and ‘BARI Gom 28’ while the current recommended rate of 120 kg ha-1 can be continued to be used for the remaining three varieties to obtain higher yield and productivity of wheat for the Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain of Bangladesh.

  Journal
  


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