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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sub-clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows at Some Selected Areas of Patuakhali

Aliul Hasan
Department of Agriculture, Dhankhali Degree College, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Dolon Chapa Tasnim
Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh

Sharifuzzaman
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The risk factors related to mastitis are necessary for the prevention and control of mastitis, an economically important dairy disease. The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence and identify the potential risk factors of sub-clinical mastitis in dairy cows at some selected areas of Patuakhali district, Bangladesh from March 2017 to February 2018. A total of 200 lactating cows were randomly collected from the study area. California Mastitis Test (CMT), White Side Test (WST) and Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT) were performed on each quarter sample of lactating cows at field condition for the determination of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 10% (20/200). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was comparatively higher in crossbreed (65%) as compared to the local breed (35%). The highest prevalence of SCM in dairy cows was also found in the mid-lactation period (64.71%), Backyard rearing of cows (75%), a cow with post parturient disease (75%) and 3rd parity group (45%). Moreover, the cows grazing in free-range areas; poor health conditions; season and feeding management increase the susceptibility of SCM. For early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, CMT could be performed regularly as control measures and emphasis should be provided on-farm management practices, particularly on milking hygiene and udder sanitation.

Keywords: Prevalence, Subclinical mastitis, Risk factors, Dairy cows

Location: Upazila Veterinary Hospital, Kolapara, Patuakhali

Start Date: 00-00-2017

End Date: 00-00-2018

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cow

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in cow at kolapara, Patuakhali.

Methodology:

The study was carried out at Upazila Veterinary Hospital, Kolapara, Patuakhali from 09 March 2019 to 07 Jun 2019 (3 months). Cows form large, small scale and backyard farm are sources of population. Pure, cross and local breeds are available. Data collection The data is collected by asking the owners about both herd and animal level including the type of dairy husbandry system breed, age, parity, lactation stage, milk yield and herd size. Udder and milk abnormalities (injuries, tick infestation and indurations, swelling, milk clots, abnormal secretion, etc.) were recorded. The data was also collected from the hospital record book. The age of the animals was determined by asking the owner and dentition characteristics and categorized as young (>3 to 6 years), adults (>6 to 10 years), and old (>10). The stage of lactation was categorized as early (1st to 4th month), mid (4th to 8th month), and late (8th month to the beginning of dry period). Parity was categorized as few (with 2-3 calves), moderate (with 4–7 calves) and many (>7 calves). Clinical inspection of udder The udder was first examined visually and then through palpation to detect possible fibrosis, inflammatory swellings, visible injury, atrophy of the tissue, and swelling of supra mammary lymph nodes. The size and consistency of mammary quarters were inspected for the presence of any abnormalities, such as disproportional symmetry, swelling and firmness. Viscosity and appearance of milk secretion from each mammary quarter were examined for the presence of clots, flakes, blood, and watery secretions. Injuries caused by vigorous calf suckling were identified as circumscribed lesions around the teats. Clinical mastitis was detected based on results of the clinical inspection of the udder and signs of systemic involvement. Collection and examination of sample Milk were collected from the affected teat in a test tube. Immediately after collection, milk samples were subjected to physical examination with naked eyes to detect any abnormalities in color, odor, consistency, presence of blood and clot, flakes and any other visible abnormalities.

Source of Information: International Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2020, 7(3):71-78

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4043541

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The prevalence of mastitis in the study area is 10% and is associated with a number of factors. In cross-bred cows were more susceptible (65%) than the local breed (35%). The farming condition also affects the prevalence of mastitis. In this study, the prevalence of mastitis on the backyard rearing system was 75%. In the higher lactation (3rd lactation) shows a high occurrence (37.5%). The cleanliness of the farm also affects the occurrence. Risk factors such as age difference, herd size, use of bedding material, milking mastitis cows last, breed, milk yield, udder and leg hygiene, udder position, and teat end morphology, stage of lactation, parity, tick infestation, previous history of clinical mastitis, and farm hygiene were highly significant. Economic loss consideration of the disease is high which call upon the misfire of the commercial dairy farmer. Udder hygiene and proper milking management methods, Proper installation, function and maintenance of milking equipment, dry cow management and therapy, appropriate therapy of mastitis during lactation, culling chronically infected cows, good record keeping, periodic review of the udder health management is helping to take the challenge of mastitis control program. Well-documented continued research and educational effort is required to increase producer awareness of cost due to mastitis to the dairy enterprise. Control of this economically important disease needs a continuing program of elimination and prevention of infection.

Knowledge Management: Journal