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Characterization of Sand Fractionated from Bijoypur Soil, Bangladesh and Its Application as an Adsorbent

Zaker Y.,
University of Dhaka

Hossain M.A.*
University of Dhaka

Ali M.,
University of Dhaka

Islam M.S. and
University of Dhaka

Islam T.S.A.
University of Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sand was obtained from the fractionation of Bijoypur soil of Bangladesh. Different advanced techniques such as SEM (Scanning electron microscope), LIBS (Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy), FT-IR (Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction) were used to characterize the physical and chemical nature of sand. The adsorptive property of sand toward methylene blue (MB) was also investigated in batch process. The SEM micrographs in different magnifications show that the surface of sand is heterogeneous in nature and the particle’s sizes are almost uniform (particle size ≥140 µm). LIBS analysis confirmed the presence of Fe, Si, Ti, Cu, F, I, Tc, Ni, Pu and Na in sand. Sand fraction thus obtained was mainly quartz, which was supported by XRD analysis. FT-IR spectral analysis showed the presence of Si-O bond in sand. The adsorptive property of sand toward MB showed that about 24% (≈ 0.28 mg/g) of MB adsorbed on sand within 90 min. of contact time at neutral pH of solution and ambient temperature.

Keywords: Sand, Characterization, SEM, LIBS, FT-IR, XRD, Adsorption, Methylene blue.

Location: University of Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Physico-Chemical

Objectives:

The objective of present investigation was to characterize sand fraction of Bijoypur soil by different physical methods. Surface morphology and particle size was determined by SEM, elemental analysis done by LIBS, bond pattern and vibrational modes were analyzed by FT-IR, and phase analysis done by XRD. Typical adsorption experiment was performed to determine sand’s adsorption capacity as adsorbent for MB.

Methodology:

Preparation of sand: Sand was fractionated from Bijoypur (Netrokona) soil following Hydrometer method1 . SEM analysis: A small portion of fractionated sand was separately taken in a SEM sample holder and made it platinum coated using a Pt-coated auto system (JFC-1600, JEOL, Japan). Platinum coated sand was placed in the SEM sample chamber and SEM picture was taken at 20 kV under 1,000 and 2,000 magnification. LIBS analysis: The prepared sand was air dried for several days. Then these was crushed and grounded for making powder. The powder samples were stored in plastic jar. For LIBS Analysis, about 0.5-1.0 g sand was mixed with 1-2 drops of glue and small pellet was made. This was air dried before use. LIBS spectroscopy can be produced from high intensity laser pulse (Nd-YAG laser) interacting with the sample producing a plasma plume that evolves with time from the point of impact of the incident laser pulse. The laser pulse usually lasts for 5 to 20 ns. LIBS spectra were taken using different spectral ranges for two gratings, One of them was 2400 ruling/mm grating blazed at 240 nm using spectral range 200-350 nm and the other was a grating with 600 ruling/mm blazed at 500 nm using spectral range 350-900 nm. FT-IR analysis: FT-IR spectra of sand were taken from the Analytical research laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka. This was carried out by Shimadzu (IR Prestige 21) FT-IR spectrometer equipment using potassium bromide pellet. The pellet was prepared by mixing 1.0 mg of finely ground dry sample and 200.0 mg of spectroscopic grade dry KBr. The mixture was grounded thoroughly in an agate mortar and pressed between a pair of special dies for 5 minutes under a pressure of 8-9 tons using hydraulic press connected with vacuum pump for removal of CO2. The spectra were recorded between 4000-500 cm-1 with 2 cm-1 resolution. XRD analysis: X-ray powder pattern of sand sample was recorded with a Philips PW-1380 X-ray generator operating at 40 kV and 30 mA and an XDC-700 Guinier- Hägg focusing camera using Cukα1 radiation. An exposed time of 1 hour was used and the films were processed using commercially available developer and fixer. The d-values of the diffraction lines in the films were calculated manually. Adsorption capacity: The adsorption experiment was carried out at pH 7.0 on MB (Janssen chemicals, Belgium) of concentration 5.0×10-5 M at 30°C. 0.3125 g of sand was taken in each of 6 bottles containing 40 mL MB solution. The bottles were shaken in a thermostatic mechanical shaker (SWB-20, HAAKE, Fisons Ltd, Germany). After a definite interval of time each bottle was withdrawn from the shaker. The supernatant of the bottle was transferred and centrifuged repeatedly until a clear liquid was obtained. The absorbance of the clear solution was measured spectrophotometrically at λmax 663.0 nm by UVVisible recording spectrophotometer (UV-1650 PC Shimadzu, Japan). In all cases, the pH of the solution was adjusted before and after the adsorption by using acid or alkali without affecting the volume of the solution.

Source of Information: Research Journal of Chemical Sciences Vol. 3(11), 90-94, November (2013) ISSN 2231-606X

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Sand obtained from fractionation of Bijoypur soil contains many elements. SEM micrographs of sand clearly indicated the heterogeneity of surface and the particle size of silt is higher than 100 µm. LIBS spectra show the presence of different elements like Fe, Si, Ti, Cu, F, I, Tc, Pu, Ni and Na. Si-O bond observed in FT-IR spectra, suggests that sand of Bijoypur is quartz. XRD lines and d-values suggest that sand fraction is mainly quartz and small proportion of kaolinite. Adsorption experiment suggests that sand is poor adsorbent for MB than clay (Bijoypur) and silt (Bijoypur). Adsorption capacity of sand was 0.28 mg/g.

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