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Effect of Total Mixed Ration Based Complete Pellet Feed on the Performances of Stall Fed Native Sheep

S. Ahmed
Goat and Sheep Production Research Division Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M.R.H. Rakib
Goat and Sheep Production Research Division Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

M.A. Hemayet
Goat and Sheep Production Research Division Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

B.K. Roy
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

N. Jahan
Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A complete pellet feed was developed using 40 % roughage (Rice straw) and 60 % concentrate (Rice polish 50 %, Maize crush 16 %, Soybean meal 20 %, Molasses 10 %, Salt 2 %, DCP 1 %, Vitaminmineral premix 0.5 %, Pellet binder 0.5 %) for commercial sheep production under stall feeding system. To know the effect of complete pellet feed on animal performances, both on-station and on-farm trials were conducted in growing sheep. The results of the experiment demonstrated that in the traditional system of rearing; only 22.42 g daily weight gain was observed. While, feeding of complete pellet feed achieved 84.98 g, and 100.67 g daily weight gain at on-farm and on-station conditions respectively suggesting that pelleting enhanced the efficiency of utilization of feed. However, no differences were observed for the feed cost per kg weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) among the pellet feeding group and another group. But results suggest that complete pellet feed would be more economical for commercial sheep production under the stall-fed condition and farmers would be more benefited using complete pellet feed compared to conventional grass or urea molasses straw (UMS) and concentrate based feeding system. No disease or clinical symptoms were observed in the animals during the experimental period, suggesting that pellet feeds are well accepted by the sheep and results in a better growth rate.

Keywords: Growth, Sheep, Pellet, Stall feeding, Total mixed ration

Location: Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Sheep, Sheep

Objectives:

To develop a total mixed ration-based complete pellet feed and evaluate its utilization for commercial sheep production under intensive or stall-fed conditions.

Methodology:

Rice straw and agro industry-based concentrate feed ingredients were purchased from local sources. Rice straw was used as a roughage source with the agro industry-based concentrate mixture to formulate the basal total mix ration (TMR) for pelleting according to the nutrient requirement of goats. For the pelleting of feed, a small-scale pelleting machine was designed and fabricated locally. All the roughages were ground to 5 mm size using a Hammer mill machine containing a 5 mm size sieve. 40 % roughage (rice straw) and 60 % concentrate (rice polish 50 %, maize crush 16 %, soybean meal 20 %, molasses 10 %, salt 2 %, DCP 1 %, vitamin-mineral premix 0.5 %, pellet binder 0.5 %) were used for the formulation of complete pellet feed in locally fabricated simple extruder machine (Ahmed et al., 2008; Roy et al., 2010). Before passing it to the pelleting machine, 50 % of the water of the total mixture was added for better mixing. The prepared pellet was sun-dried and stored before sheep feeding. The approximate diameter of the complete pellet was 4-6 mm. Before the chemical analysis pellet and other feed samples of the experimental diets were dried and ground in a grinding mill through 2-mm and 1-mm sieve respectively. The crude protein (CP) content of the experimental diet was determined using the automated Kjeldahl method (AOAC, 2019). The dry matter (DM) content of the feed was determined by drying the samples at 105^oC overnight, while ash was measured by burning further at 500^oC for 4 hours. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) composition were analyzed using the method described by Goering and Van Soest (1970). The experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, about 24 kilometers northwest of the capital city of Bangladesh. For this study, 18 intact male Native Bengal lambs of the age of 4 to 5 months were selected. The lambs were divided into three treatment groups (having six animals in each group) by stratified randomization based on their average body weight. The control groups were fed ad libitum Oat grass (T₁), and ad libitum UMS (T₂) with concentrate supplementation (@1.5 % of body weight). The concentrate mixture contained 42 % broken maize, 38 % soybean meal, 17 % wheat bran, 1 % vitamin, 1 % DCP, and 1 % salt. The treatment group (T₃) was fed ad libitum complete pellet feed for the intensive production of sheep. The animals were housed in individual pens on a plastic slated floor equipped with a separate feeders and waterers. The sheep were dewormed at the onset of the experiment. The feed was offered two times daily (9 am and 4 pm) and orts were collected before morning feeding to know the feed intake. Animals were weighed weekly before morning feeding. The duration of the experiments was 90 days. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) and the data were analyzed using the software IBMSPSS Statistics 20. The differences were tested by Duncan’s Multiple range test (DMRT) test and significant differences were declared at a 5 % level of significance (P<0.05). Principles of laboratory animal care (NIH publication No. 85-23, revised 1985) and specific applicable national laws were followed. All experiments have been examined and approved by the appropriate ethics committee.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 157-166 (2020)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v18i2.51116

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Complete pellet feeding in sheep was found to enhance dry matter intake, daily weight gain, improve feed efficiency and reduce the feed cost for sheep production. Thus, under the current situation of declining arable grazing lands, it could be expected that this technology of straw-based completed feed pellets will help to increase sheep production under stall feeding conditions.

Knowledge Management: Journal