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Research Detail

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Shaikh Shamim Hasan*
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Ashek Mohammad
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Mithun Kumar Ghosh
Exim Bank Agricultural University, Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh

Md. Ibrahim Khalil
Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Aims: Bangladesh, as a low-lying country, is vulnerable to global climate change and affected by floods and water logging. Hence, the country needs to adopt sufficient adaptation strategies which are based on local people traditional knowledge and locally available materials; hence, floating agriculture is that type of agriculture. Through this article we examine the floating agriculture related farmers opinion towards floating agriculture as a means of cleaner production. Study Design: A descriptive survey research design is followed for the study and interview schedule is the main data collection instrument of the research. Place and Duration of Study: The study area was Banaripara and Wazirpur Upazila of Barisal District of Bangladesh. Data was collected from the farmers who were involved with floating agriculture. Methodology: A total number of 385 farmers of the two Upazilas were the population and out of them 140 farmers were selected as the sample of the study. The interview schedule was developed according to the objective of the research. We used five points Likert scale to judge the opinion towards floating agriculture. We administered multiple regression analysis using SPSS for finding out the influence of farmers’ socio-demographic characteristics on their opinion towards floating agriculture as a means of cleaner production. Results: The farmers of the study area had moderately to less a favorable opinion (83%) towards floating agriculture as a means of cleaner production. Three of the characteristics of the farmers (eg. their age, family size and training participation on floating agriculture) had an influence on their opinion according to the regression results. Therefore, the higher the listed three characteristics according to the regression result the higher will be the opinion of the farmers towards floating agriculture. Conclusion: These findings suggest that it is important to explore knowledge and arrange training for the farmers on floating bed preparation, selecting suitable crops, the intercultural operation of crops and so on. Moreover, future research should be carried out on floating agriculture’s role as a means of women and unemployed employment opportunity, community development, and identify challenges of this technique.

  Floating agriculture; Farmers opinion; Cleaner production; Assessment.
  Banaripara and Wazirpur, Upazila of Barisal District
  
  
  Socio-economic and Policy
  Attitude

In view of the above evidence, through this study, we will examine the opinion of the farmers towards floating agriculture as a means of cleaner production. At the same time, we will also investigate the influence of selected sociodemographic characteristics of the farmers on their opinion towards floating agriculture.

We followed descriptive survey research design and used interview schedule as the instrument of the current research. The respondents of the study were the farmers who practiced floating agriculture. We purposively selected two Union each of the two Upazila (smaller administrative unit of Bangladesh), namely, Banaripara and Wazirpur, Upazila of Barisal District, as the study area. The selected Unions were Bisarkandi and Udaykati of Banaripara Upazila; and Satla and Otra of Wazirpur Upazila, respectively. All the farmers who practiced floating agriculture at the study areas (ie., four Union of two Upazila) were the population of the study. The total number of farmers practicing floating agriculture was 200 (Banaripara) and 185 (Wazirpur), that means a total of 385 which were the population of the study. Among the population, a total number of 140 farmers (75 from Banaripara and 65 from Wazirpur) were selected as the sample utilizing the Equation 1 developed by Kothari and followed by Hasan et al.. 2.1.1 Measurement of dependent variable The opinion of the farmers towards floating agriculture as a means of cleaner production is the dependent variable of this study. The interview schedule contains 20 statements which were administered for judging the farmers opinion. The opinion statements were aligned with the three areas of cleaner production including, environmental, economic and social and cultural areas. The farmers were asked to indicate the extent of their agreement on each of the 20 statement utilizing a Likert-type fivepoints scale like strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree and strongly disagree with assigned scores of 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1, for positive statements, respectively and vice versa for negative statements. Different scales are used for measuring opinion of the respondents, although the Likert scale is the most widely utilized technique for opinion measurement. The Likert-type scales utilize fixed type and close form of responses to measure opinion or attitude. For conducting the present study, we employed five point Likert-scale and according the respondents were asked about their agreement or disagreement of each of the statements. 2.1.3 Measurement of independent variables There were eight independent variables of the study and those were farmers’ age, level of education, family size, farm size, family annual income, extension media contact, training participation on floating agriculture and knowledge on floating agriculture. Age of a respondent was measured by counting the years from the time of his/her birth to the time of interview. The level of education was measured by the number of years of schooling. Family size was measured by the total number of members including the respondent himself, spouse, children and other permanent dependents who lived together as family unit. The farm size possessed by the farmer under farm including share cropping and leased and homestead was the basis of measuring farm size and which was expressed in hectare for the current study. Family annual income of a respondent was determined on the basis of his total earnings from agriculture, service, business, and other sources. For measuring extension media contact of the respondent, a four-point scale i.e., not at all, rarely, occasionally and frequently was used and appropriate weights were assigned to quantify the variable as against five different types extension media and assigned scores were 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Training participation on floating agriculture was measured by the total number of days that a respondent had encountered training experience in his entire life from different agricultural related organizations and from other organizations o floating agriculture. Meanwhile, the farmers’ knowledge on floating agriculture was calculated by answering 15 questions related to floating agriculture. The assigned score against each correct, partially correct and incorrect answer was 2, 1, and 0, respectively. 2.2 Statistical Analysis We utilized Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16 for analyzing the data of this study. We calculated the mean and standard deviation to achieve the objectives of the study and used different categories for classifying the data. Different statistical tests like frequency count, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were applied to analyze and interpret the data based on the purpose of the study.

  British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 20(6): 1-14, 2017; Article no.BJAST.33635; ISSN: 2231-0843, NLM ID: 101664541
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

The present study was conducted to assess the farmers’ opinion towards floating agriculture as a means of cleaner production who were involved with floating agriculture in flood affected and water logged low-lying two Upazilas of Barisal District of Bangladesh. Important findings exhibited that most percentage (95%) of the farmers in this study were in between 50 years of age, while about 84% of them were educated either primary, secondary or more. The average family size of the farmers was 5.20, while 91% of the farmers had the family size from 4 to more than 6. Although the farmers of the study area had smaller (88%) farm size of 0.02-1.01 hectare. The average family annual income of the farmers was 850USD which was lower than the average national income of the Bangladesh. The farmers of the study area had low to medium (71%) extension contact and 96% of them did not receive any training on floating agriculture and related issues. Meanwhile, 82% of them had 60- 80% correct knowledge on floating agriculture. Hence, these factors might affect their opinion towards floating agriculture as a means of cleaner production. About 83% of the farmers maintained moderately to less favorable opinion towards floating agriculture as a means of cleaner production. Additionally, farmers age, their family size and training participation on floating agriculture had an influence on their opinion towards floating agriculture. These findings indicate that higher level of these three characteristics will result higher of the opinion of the farmers towards floating agriculture as a means of cleaner production. The farmers should be provided with different types of need-based training related to floating agriculture. Hence, the government and non-government organization should take proper steps with this regard.

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