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Antidiabetic Properties of Some Dietary Fruits and Vegetables Commonly Used in Bangladesh: a Comprehensive Review

Anita Rani Chowdhury
Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Bidduth Kumar Sarkar
Department of Pharmacy, Ranada Prasad Shaha University, Narayanganj, Bangladesh

Ananya Das
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Prema Modak
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Satyajit Halder
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Rahima Akter
Department of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Arghya Prosun Sarkar
Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.

Sukalyan Kumar Kundu
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The number of diabetic people in the world has been increased dramatically over recent years. Currently, in addition to insulin supplements, many modern oral hypoglycemic agents and traditional medicines formulated with medicinal plants are used largely for the treatment of diabetes worldwide. Due to having several limitations of these existing therapies, the search for alternative therapeutic strategy is going on for the successful management and treatment of diabetes. There are numerous plants which are used as both food and medicine simultaneously to improve health status. The great advantages of these plants are that they are safer, readily available, affordable and acceptable. Given the above aspects, regular use of plants having antidiabetic activity in the daily diet may be a new strategy and be used individually or along with other therapies for better treatment and prevention of this disease. The present review reports on some common vegetables and fruits of Bangladesh like Black plum, Guava, Tamarind, Amla, Gooseberry, Jackfruit, Wood apple, Pomegranate, Bitter gourd, Spine gourd, Drumstick tree, Sweet potato, Banana, Water spinach and Cabbage which have shown antidiabetic properties in several scientific studies. Information is collected by thorough literature search from Google Scholar, PubMed and other internet sources. The observed results of this study indicate the possibility of developing a therapeutic strategy called alternative and complementary medicine for the management of diabetes. The results also provide a starting point for researchers working with bioactive dietary plants having antidiabetic potential.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants, Fruits, Vegetables, Bangladesh

Location: Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Commodity: Fruit, Vegetables

Objectives:

This review article focuses on some common plants constituting part of the regular diet as fruits and vegetables in Bangladesh, a developing country in South Asia, to find out a complementary and alternative therapy (food therapy) for the treatment and prevention of this morbid disorder-diabetes along with or without other available antidiabetic agents.

Methodology:

At first, an extensive literature search has been performed regarding the medicinal plants with antidiabetic property and then commonly used dietary antidiabetic plants of Bangladesh were recognized among these numerous plants. In the next step, a considerable amount of literature was collected and analyzed to compile available information related to these dietary plants. This review then presents short details of some plants which are most commonly mentioned in the treatment of diabetes and its associated complications as well as pharmacologically tested for verifying their efficacy on different experimental animal models using presently available experimental techniques. The searches were performed using various electronic databases including Pubmed and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the search were antidiabetic plants; various fruits and vegetables with antidiabetic activity; antidiabetic plants of Bangladesh. Result After analysis of information regarding the anti-diabetic potential of dietary plants from various research journals, this review has enumerated a total of such 15 plants (8 Fruits and 7 vegetables) belonging to 11 families. The mentioned plant species are Syzgium cumini, Psidium guajava, Tamarindus indica, Phyllanthus emblica, Phyllanthus acidus, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Aegle marmelose, Punica granatum, Momordica charantia, Momordica dioica, Moringa oleifera, Ipomoea batatas, Musa sapientum, Ipomoea aquatic and Brassica oleracea var. Capitata. The following paragraphs present the list of fruits and vegetables having anti-diabetic properties with their scientific name, their family and the name of the country in which they are largely available. A summary of enlisted plants with bioactive agents and activity about diabetes is tabulated at the end of the review. Here antidiabetic properties of edible plant parts have been considered only. Fruits Having Antidiabetic Activity Fruits are highly nutritious natural food eaten both in raw or processed form. According to different studies, fruits contain high number of antioxidants such as flavonoids, carotenoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, etc. which may protect human body against functional damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Radical scavenging ability of antioxidant rich foods is correlated with their potentiality for the management of degenerative diseases like diabetes.5 Black Plum: Syzigium Cumini A very large evergreen tropical tree which belongs to the family Myrtaceae and is native to India. 6 Today these trees are also found in Asian subcontinent, Eastern Africa, South America, Madagascar and Florida and Hawaii in the United States of America. 7 It has been found that that the pulp extract of this fruit produced a very significant hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model over oral administration of the dose and it was thought to be mediated by enhancing the endogenous insulin secretion. Interestingly, the seeds of this fruit extract were found to produce the similar effect but in a very delayed mode i.e., around after 24 hours of oral administration.

Source of Information: International Journal of Advanced Research in Pharmacy and Education Volume 2, Issue 1 - 2020, Pg. No. 6-15

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the above study, it has been demonstrated that many of the elements of this review were defined in previous studies about diabetes by different researchers. However, the present research provides a direction to select specific food ingredients for the diet of diabetic people and normal day-to-day food consuming systems in order to prevent such diseases. Several fruits, vegetables and spices which form constituents of our normal diet were used traditionally as efficient antidiabetic agents in rural as well as urban areas due to their plentiful availability. Abundant experimental studies in animal models and a few clinical studies with humans have also confirmed their antidiabetic potential. So it can be concluded that their dietary application may be an easy, feasible and cost-effective measure to prevent and manage diabetes mellitus. An attempt has been made in this review to enlist them and compile their available information with a view of encouraging their use in regular diet towards reducing the prevalence of diabetes globally. Though this study only compiles their botanical identity, origin, dietary application, bioactive compounds and activity in experimentally induced diabetic animal models, there is a scope of further study and continuing research is essential to explain the exact mode of action, well characterization of bioactive components and toxic effects of these food materials in order to develop new antidiabetic agents.

Knowledge Management: Journal