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Development of Renewable Energy Sector in Bangladesh: Current Status and Future Potentials

Md. AbdullahHil Baky
Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh

Md. Mustafizur Rahman
Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh

A.K.M. Sadrul Islam
Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bangladesh is a hugely populated country in South Asia. The country produces its electricity mainly from natural gas followed by liquid fuels. Although the installed electricity generation capacity of the country has been increased to 12,261 MW, there is scarcity of electricity in the hot summer season which is a barrier to industrial development as well as socio-economic development. Combustion of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere which causes global warming. Bangladesh can be badly affected by greenhouse effect and global warming. These problems can be mitigated by incorporating renewable energy sources (e.g., solar, wind, hydro, biomass, etc.) to the country's electricity generation. Renewable energy resources are considered as clean and can serve the electricity demand in the remote areas where grid connection is not possible. The potential of solar energy and biomass is enormous in Bangladesh and people have already started to harness energy from these sources. The government and the policy makers should come forward to encourage the people of rural areas as well as urban areas to use renewable based electricity. The government of Bangladesh has set up a plan to generate 5% of the country's total electricity from renewable sources within 2015 and 10% within 2020. However, within 2015 the country has been able to generate only 3.5% of the total electricity from renewable sources. This paper presents a thorough review of the current status and future potentials of renewable energy sector in Bangladesh. In this paper the updated information is provided for the overall renewable energy sector of the country

Keywords: Renewable energy, Bangladesh, Greenhouse gas, Fossil fuel, Electricity generation

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Energy

Objectives:

The specific objectives of the paper are: • to review and discuss the overall energy scenario of Bangladesh; • to review the status of renewable energy sources and extent of their availability in Bangladesh; • to review the development of renewable energy sector in the course of time; and • to review and discuss the future target of renewable energy development

Methodology:

3. Renewable energy in Bangladesh Renewable energy sources are sustainable and clean and can reproduce without depletion in the course of time. They can support the effect of continuous reduction of fossil fuels and tackle the impact that fossil fuels have on the environment. Although the greenhouse gas emission is not a primary concern for a low economy country like Bangladesh, incorporation of renewable energy is obvious because of rapidly reducing natural resources. Bangladesh has few renewable energy potentials among which solar and biomass are the most promising sources. Among the others, hydropower has limited potential due to flat surface and low available head. Due to insufficient data availability, the assessment of wind power generation is difficult. Table 3 shows the current status of installed renewable energy capacity from different sources in Bangladesh. This 423 MW of electricity from renewable sources is only 3.5% of the total installed capacity of this country. Target to achieve 5% of the electricity from renewable sources within 2015 by Bangladesh Policy of Renewable Energy (BPRE) couldn’t be achieved. The share of renewable energy is only 3.5% as of 2015. However, the government is working for the next target of 10% of the electricity generation from renewable sources by 2020.

Source of Information: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 73 (2017) 1184–1197

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.047

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Natural gas, refined petroleum products and coal are the main sources of energy supply in Bangladesh. Natural gas contributes a major portion of the total power generation followed by refined petroleum products (e.g., furnace oil and diesel). With the current reserve and the rate of consumption natural gas is expected to be dried out within the next 10–12 years [49,86]. Hence the diversification of source for power generation is required. Being a lower-middle-income country incorporation of renewable energy in the main energy supply will take time and strong initiatives. However, Bangladesh is now producing 3.5% of the total power generation from renewable sources. Solar home systems and biogas plants are getting popular among the people of the rural areas. IDCOL has already installed 3.6 million SHSs around the country of a total capacity of 150 MW. A number of solar mini grid projects, roof-top solar PV systems, solar parks and solar irrigation systems are under construction by BPDB. To achieve the targeted 1739.75 MW from solar within 2021 the government of Bangladesh has already initiated large scale solar power development program. Wind mapping project is initiated to collect data for finding possible locations to install wind power plants of total 1370 MW. Although several river basin for example: Sangu, Matamuhuri, Brahmaputra, etc. have potential for hydroelectricity, no major hydro power plant installation is recently initiated. IDCOL and several other organizations such as LGED, Grameen Shakti, and some public and private organizations are working on the promotion and distribution of the renewable energy technologies in Bangladesh. More effort needs to be given in research, development and introduction of varying renewable energy technologies in the country in order to achieve the targeted renewable energy fraction in the electricity generation capacity. However, renewable energy is of great help in improving the energy growth and economy of the country and hopefully the share of renewables will increase in the near future and overcome the difficulties created by conventional resources on the environment.

Knowledge Management: Journal