Agricultural Research Management Information System

Home
Research Summary
Search
About Us
- ARMIS
- Brochure
Contact Us
Report
User Request
Data Input
Help
- Operation Manual
  - PDF
  - Video
- Program Area & Commodity
We have reached 37600 number of research entries at this moment.

- Logout

Research Detail

Home
Research
Detail

Mineral Nutritional Status and Health Risk Assessment of Red Amaranth (amaranthus Cruentus) Collected from a Water-logged Area of Bangladesh

Popy Saha
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Arifur Rahman
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh

Md. Saljar Rahman Chowdhury
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Kamrun Nahar
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Istiaq Ahmed
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh and School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

K. M. Mohiuddin
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) is an excellent source of essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that are crucial for human nutrition. The present study was carried out to assess the mineral and heavy metal concentration and human health risk through the intake of red amaranth collected from Bhabadah water-logging area of Khulna Division in Bangladesh. A total of 24 red amaranth samples were collected from 24 different locations. Average concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, calcium, magnesium and sodium were 0.90 ± 0.46%, 0.24 ± 0.06%, 0.56 ± 0.14%, 2.22 ± 0.75%, 1.39 ± 0.51% and 0.11 ± 0.10%, respectively. Phosphorus and calcium concentration were the highest in Damukhali area. The concentration ranges of zinc, lead, cadmium and copper were 26.48 - 172.24, trace - 46.41, trace - 0.63 and 7.74 - 32.58 μg g^-1, respectively. Chromium was detected in red amaranth samples collected from only two locations. The most studied essential nutrients were at the optimum level in the collected samples for human nutrition. The survey data and the analytical data expressed that the daily metal intake (DMI) of both male and female were higher than that of upper permissible limit indicating that serious adverse effects that might be linked to the intake of red amaranth of the study area. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) data showed Pb in an alarming amount to cause carcinogenesis. Target hazard quotients (THQ) of lead (Pb) was 6.550 for female (THQ> 5.00) indicating that the exposed population is unsafe and for male was 4.179 (1 < THQ < 5) indicating that the exposed population is at a level of concern interval. Food chain contamination by heavy metals through an elevated level of Pb in red amaranth of Bhabadah area is evident through this research and immediate action should be taken to ensure food safety.

Keywords: Bhabadah, DMI, Heavy metal accumulation, Mineral nutrient, Red amaranth, THQ

Location: Two Upazila of Jashore district and one Upazila of Khulna district of Bhabadah water-logging area Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Amaranth, Waterlogging

Objectives:

To assess the level of mineral nutrients and heavy metals in red amaranth from three Upazila of Bhabadah water-logging area of Khulna Division and their effects on human health due to intake of these vegetables.

Methodology:

Sampling: Total 24 red amaranth samples at the seedling growth stage were collected from 24 different locations of two Upazila of Jashore district and one Upazila of Khulna district of Bhabadah water-logging area Bangladesh. The information regarding red amaranth sampling has been reported. Samples were put into an individual polythene bag with definite marking and tagging and then brought to the laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for chemical analysis. Sample preparation and analyses: The collected amaranth samples were dried in an oven at 65°C and ground by a mechanical grinder after cooling. The prepared samples were then kept into plastic bottles until extract preparation. The plant extract was prepared by wet oxidation method using di-acid mixture (HNO₃: HClO₄= 2:1) following Singh et al. (1999). Determination of mineral nutrient: Calcium and Mg concentrations in samples were analyzed by titrimetric method (Page et al., 1982; Gupta, 2013). The concentrations of K and Na in samples were determined by flame photometric method and the levels of PO4 and SO4 in samples were determined by spectrophotometric method (Page et al., 1982, Tandon, 1995; APHA, 2012; Gupta, 2013). Determination of heavy metals: The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn and Cu ions in red amaranth samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) (Model: SHIMADZU AA-7000) at the wavelengths of 228.8, 283.3, 357.9, 213.9 and 324.8 nm, respectively as described by APHA (2012). At first, AAS was calibrated followed by the manufacturer's recommendation. Then the waste sample extract was diluted (if required) and/or run directly in AAS to determine heavy metal in the sample. A standard curve was prepared by plotting the absorbance reading on Yaxis versus the concentration of each standard solution of metal on X-axis. Then, the concentration of metal was calculated in the samples of interest by plotting AAS reading on the standard curve. Statistical analysis: Statistical analyses of analytical results obtained from red amaranth samples were performed (Gomez and Gomez, 1984) by SPSS 17.0 and results were expressed as mean ± SD. The potential health risk for adult male and female was also studied by calculating the daily heavy metal intakes and target hazard quotients.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 19(2): 000–000, 2021; ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.55279

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study concluded that red amaranth is a good source of minerals and trace elements. In all red amaranth samples, heavy metals were below FAO/WHO recommended safe permissible level except Pb. Daily metal intake and cancer risk results showed that Pb concentration in the collected samples were in alarming situation. The information generated from this study could be used as baseline data for developing food composition database for Bangladesh. The most of essential nutrients were in the optimum level for human nutrition. The overall result of this study suggests that food chain contamination by heavy metals through an elevated level of Pb concentration in red amaranth samples of Bhabadah area is evident through this research and it is recommended that the government and its related organizations or authority could take emergency initiatives to develop specific awareness on heavy metals level of vegetables.

Knowledge Management: Journal