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Research Detail

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Mosammat Rowshan Ara
Sociology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

The present study aims at assessing the poverty situation of the rural farmers and its extent in a particular area of a southern district of Bagerhat, Bangladesh. The poverty situation had been analyzed by using the facts of income and living standard considering the conditions of clothing, housing, education, occupation, availability of food, and medical facilities. Relevant data were collected from 50 households (from the total of 300) involved in crop and non- crop cultivation. The households, estimated monthly income of Tk. 2754 (referred to as "1$ a day") was considered as extremely poor and Tk. 5508 (referred to as "2 $ a day") as moderately poor. In the study area 24 percent households were found to be extremely poor and 40 percent were moderately poor. The pattern of income and expenditure of the households concerned revealed the facts that about 34 percent were poor in clothing, about 28 percent were illiterate, whereas 48 percent were in want of food. Regarding housing, 26 per cent houses were match box type house, and about 62 percent could afford to avid of the indigenous medical facilities, 46 percent could go to public clinic during illness. The extent of poverty had been tried to be studied by drawing a poverty line using the cost of basic needs. Therefore, the poverty situation requires a comprehensive strategy in order to maintain sustainable resources as a means to reduce the existing condition of poverty

  Poverty, Farmer, Income, Living standard, Basic needs, Rural Bangladesh
  The village Baruipara under Rampal Upazila in the Bagerhat district of Bangladesh
  00-01-2009
  00-03-2009
  Socio-economic and Policy
  Livelihood

All the landless people were poor in respect to housing. Regarding the possessions of prestigious household efforts only 6% used motor bike and 32 % was the owner of television. This precarious situation in the rural areas of Bangladesh constituted a great challenge. The present study had made an attempt to understand the real poverty situation of the rural farmers of a particular area of Bangladesh by using the indicators of their income and living standard.

The present research is based on data collected through a field survey of 50 farm households involved in crop and non- crop cultivation and it had been carried out during January to March 2009 in the village Baruipara under Rampal upazila in the Bagerhat district of Bangladesh. A methodological technique to mention here is that the calculation of household incomes may be arrived at from two different standpoints, i. e., from the household product account and the household expenditure account. Expenditure data consistently provide a higher estimate of household income in comparison to product account data, the difference being accounted for due to expenditure saving activities or simple underreporting. The current review of poverty trends was made with reference to income calculated from the expenditure data. The households were classified into six land ownership categories: a) landless (having less than .05 acres of land), b) functionally landless (with .05- .49 acres), c) marginal land owner (between .50- 1.49 acres), d) small land owner (with 1.50-2.49 acres), e) medium land owner (2.50- 4.99 acres), and f) large land owners (5.0 acres or more) (Sen, 1995).

Measurement of the variables: The poverty situation of the farmers concerned had been measured in terms of their income and living standard. The households whose income was less than Tk. 2754 (1$ per day) had been considered as below lower poverty line, and those with less than Tk.5508 (2$ per day) had belonged to upper poverty line. In order to measure their living standard i. e, - access to food, education, clothing, housing, health and sanitation, high status items, were used as indicators. Clothing means whether each adult household member could be a minimum two pieces of lungi or sharee and whether each household member possessed a piece of winter clothing and a pair of shoes per year. Health and sanitation referred to access to different types of medicare and sanitary toilet. The houses were categorized into four types i) jhupri (match box type house, made of leaves), ii) single structure, iii) semi- durable (house structure with one plus rooms), and iv) durable (house structure with one plus rooms). Here the jhupri and single structure houses were considered as lower categories. Poverty situation was also assessed through the access to high status items, such as, almirahs, radio/cassette players, television, watch, bicycle, motorbike, and ornaments. The independent variables of the study were age, education, family size, farm size, duration of work/ day, annual income, occupation, health and sanitation, clothing, housing, which were measured by using numerical scale. The households were selected purposively. The data were collected through interview schedule using a pre- designed and pretested questionnaire. 

  Khulna University Studies Volume 10 (1&2) : 321-330 : June-December 2010
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

On the basis of findings of the present study stated above it may be concluded that agriculture is still the main source of income of rural household. Relatively medium and large landowners are less poor. Though a satisfactory development become visible in regard to the access to safe drinking water facilities the crucial findings of this study focus on the problem of income and living standard. An increasing rate of extremely poor households has seen to be subsisted on an income below the poverty line. So there is a great need here to extend poverty alleviation program further not only for raising income of the poor but also stabilizing their existing living standard by taking into consideration of the variables like housing, health service, education, and worst availability of yield.

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