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Research Detail

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Nipa Adhikary*
Soil Science Discipline, Khulna University Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

Sonia Nasrin, Samsunnahar
Soil Science Discipline, Khulna University Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

Md. Hanif
Soil Science Discipline, Khulna University Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

This study endeavors to determine the extent of influence of organic farming on soil properties and growth and yield of Red amaranth. It also compares between conventional and organic farming on Sonatola soil series of Non-calcareous, Dark Grey under the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (AEZ 9) during Rabi season from January to February 2008. Treatments used for the experiments were no fertilizer, cowdung, poultry manure, synthetic fertilizer, cow-dung in combination with synthetic fertilizer and poultry manure in combination with synthetic fertilizer. From laboratory experiment it was found that except control site all types of treatments showed a significant positive effect on soil moisture, organic carbon, total N, available P and exchangeable K. Cow-dung and poultry manure treated plots conserve maximum amount of soil moisture, available P and exchangeable K. For soil organic carbon, poultry manure showed the best performance. Poultry manure in combination with synthetic fertilizer showed the best performance for total N content of soil. For improving soil properties and maintaining good soil quality poultry manure was the best and cowdung was better than conventional farming. Organic manure and its combination with synthetic fertilizer showed the best performance for plant height and shoot lenght. The highest yield and leaf area index were found with poultry manure alone and in combination with synthetic fertilizer treated plots. For growth and yield of Red Amaranth, poultry manure alone and in combination with synthetic fertilizer were superior to conventional farming.

  Organic farming, Conventional farming, Soil properties, Growth, Red amaranth.
  Sonatola soil series of Non-calcareous, Dark Grey Floodplain Soils and AEZ Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (AEZ-9)
  00-01-2008
  00-02-2008
  Crop-Soil-Water Management
  Organic farming, Amaranth

There is little information available on the effect of organic farming on soil and yield of red amaranth in Bangladesh even in the world. Thus the objectives of the experiment were to assess the influence of organic farming on some soil properties and growth of red amaranth and to compare between the conventional and organic farming on red amaranth production.

Geographically the experimental site is located at 24º 75' N latitude and 90º 50' E longitude at an elevation of 18 m above the sea level. The soil in the experimental field belongs to the Sonatola soil series of Non-calcareous, Dark Grey Floodplain Soils and AEZ Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (AEZ-9) during Rabi season from January to February 2008, which is more or less neutral in reaction. The experimental field was a medium high land with leveled topography and poor drainage condition (FAO and UNDP, 1988). 

Red amaranth was used as test crop in this experiment. This crop has gained popularity among the farmers of Bangladesh for its high yield potential. The seeds were collected from BADC, Mymensingh. The land was ploughed several times to obtain a good tilth condition and then leveled, weeds, stubbles, and crop residues were removed. The land was then finally prepared six days before planting the seed.

The experiment was laid out in RCBD with six treatments and each of three replications. The total numbers of plots were 18. The size of a unit plot was 1.0 m x 1.0 m. Inter block and inter plot spacing were 0.50 m and 0.50 m respectively. The treatments were no fertilizer (control) (To), cowdung (T1), poultry manure (T2), synthetic fertilizer (T3), cowdung in combination with synthetic fertilizer (T4) and poultry manure in combination with synthetic fertilizer (T5). For organic farming cowdung and poultry manure were used whereas for the interactive roll between conventional and organic farming combinations (cowdung + synthetic fertilizers and poultry manure + synthetic fertilizers) were used. Cowdung and poultry manure were applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1 and 5 t ha-1 respectively (BARI, 1991). Urea, TSP and MP were used as the source of N, P, and K respectively in traditional farming. The dose of fertilizers and organic manures were applied in the experimental plots are given in Table 3. Well decomposed cow-dung and poultry manure were incorporated in the plots as per treatment at 4 days before sowing and after 2 days they were mixed thoroughly with the soil. All the fertilizers were applied during the final preparation of plot as Red amaranth is a short duration crop. 

The seeds were sown at the rate of 3 seeds per hole by hand keeping uniform distance at the rate of 1kg/ha and then the seed were covered with soils. Row to row distance was 20 cm and plant to plant distance was 5 cm. Germination of the seeds started from 3rd day of sowing. On the 6 th to 8th all the seeds were germinated. One seedling was kept in each hole. Gap fillings, Weeding and Irrigation were done time to time. The experimental crop was harvested after 34 days of sowing on 27 February, 2008.

Collection and preparation of soil and plant samples: Initial soil sample was collected randomly from 10 different spots from a depth of 0-15 cm before manuring and fertilization. All samples were composited to make a single sample for analysis. After crop harvest, soil samples were collected again from each plot at 0-15 cm depth. After removing weeds and other unwanted things, the samples were air-dried, ground, sieved through a 2 mm sieve and kept for analysis. The plant samples were collected from each plot and were dried in an oven at 80°C for about 72 hours. Then they were ground to pas through a 20-mesh sieve in a grinding mill. The prepared samples were then put into polythene bags. 

Statistical analysis: The analysis of variance was done following the computer package MSTAT. The mean differences were adjudged by DMRT (Gomez and Gomez, 1984) and ranking was indicated by letters.

  Khulna University Studies Volume 11 (1&2) and 12(1&2): December 2013
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

The influence of organic farming practice on soil properties and growth and yield of Red amaranth were investigated. Before seed sowing the soil of the experimental field was silt loam having a pH 6.46, organic matter 1.92%, total N 0.118%, available P 14.24 mg/Kg, exchangeable K 0.137 me/100g soil and moisture 24.80%. Post harvest soil samples were also analyzed. All the data were analyzed statistically and means were adjusted by DMRT and LSD test. The highest positive effects were found for application of cowdung and poultry manure on soil moisture (26.76 and 26.56%), available P (15.74 and 15.80 mg/Kg) and exchangeable K (0.183 and 0.182 me/100g soil). Poultry manure produced the highest effect on organic carbon (1.75%). Control and synthetic fertilizer treatments produced the lowest effect on above characters. Organic manure alone or in combination with synthetic fertilizer showed best performance for plant height and root length. The height yield and LAI were found in poultry manure alone and in combination with synthetic fertilizer treated plots. The highest dry matter content (6.61%) and the lowest moisture content (93.38%) was produced by poultry manure. Poultry manure in combination with synthetic fertilizer gave maximum shoot length and no. of leaves plant -1 . Control treatment caused the minimum effect on the above characters but maximum effect on the moisture content (95.08%). For growth and yield of Red amaranth, poultry manure alone and in combination with synthetic fertilizer was superior to conventional farming. Poultry manure + synthetic fertilizer showed its superiority on yield and yield contributing characters of Red amaranth but poultry manure and poultry manure + synthetic fertilizer showed their superiority on nutrient content and their uptake. For assuring Red amaranth quality, poultry manure or poultry manure in combination with synthetic fertilizer would be the best. In order to maintain good soil and Red amaranth quality and keep the environment sound, it would be best to advise farmers for the application of organic farming over conventional farming. 

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