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Prevalence of Brucella Antibodies in Sera of Cows in Bangladesh

Kazi M. R. Amin
Department of Microbiology & Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M. Bahanur Rahman
Department of Microbiology & Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M. Siddiqur Rahman
Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea

Jae-cheol Han
Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea

Jin-ho Park
Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea

Joon-seok Chae*
Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in sera of 120 cows in Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm and adjacent villages, Bangladesh. The epidemiological history and blood was collected from the cows. The serum samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and plate agglutination test (PAT) for initial screening of Brucella antibodies and the positive sera samples were then subjected to tube agglutination test (TAT) for further confirmation. The higher rate of Brucella antibody was recorded in rural farm (5.0%) than organized farm (2.5%) and in pregnant cows (5.9%) than non-pregnant cows (4.7%). A total of 3 (4%) Brucella positive antibody cases were recorded in cows of above four years of age whereas, 1 (2.3%) positive case was found in cows of less than 4 years of age. The study revealed that number of Red Shindi was the highest and the prevalence of brucellosis in Bangladesh cow population is not negligible and it is worthwhile to consider adoption of preventive measures.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Brucellosis, Plate agglutination test, Rose Bengal test, Tube agglutination test

Location: Cows housed in the dairy farm of BAU and the villages adjacent to BAU

Start Date: 00-03-2003

End Date: 00-02-2004

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Bacteria, Cow

Objectives:

The economic importance and the prevalence of brucellosis in man and animals have reported from some parts of Bangladesh [1,13,27,28,29]. The present investigation was carried out to investigate the prevalence of Brucella antibodies through Rose Bengal test (RBT), plate agglutination test (PAT) and tube agglutination test (TAT) in sera of cows in Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Dairy Farm and adjacent villages, Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Experimental design Cows housed in the dairy farm of BAU and the villages adjacent to BAU were included in this study. A total of 120 cows of different age groups, either pregnant or nonpregnant were examined during the period from March 2003 to February 2004.

Epidemiological study The epidemiological study regarding the age, status of pregnancy and the type of breeds were investigated from the records available in the dairy farms. Collection of blood and preparation of sera About 5-7 ml of blood was collected from the jugular vein of cows using a sterile disposable syringe and needle. Then the sera was prepared by centrifugation as per standard procedure and stored in vials at −20^o C until used.

Serological tests The serum samples were subjected to RBT and PAT for initial screening of Brucella antibodies and the positive sera samples were then subjected to TAT for further confirmation. For TAT, PAT, RBT, the B. abortus strain 1119-3 was used as antigen and the antigen was purchased from Dae Sung Microbiological Labs. Co., Ltd (Uiwang, Korea). For PAT, the procedure of Ryu et al. was followed. Briefly, 0.03 ml of antigen solution was added to 0.08, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, 0.00125 ml of each sample serum on a glass plate and then incubated for 8 min at room temperature. The plate was hand rotated three times, at 4 and 8 min after mixing and just before reading. Any sign of agglutination was considered positive. For RBT, the procedure of Baek et al. was followed. Briefly 30 µl of serum was mixed with equal volume of antigen on a white enamel plate circled approximately 2 cm in diameter with manicure. The mixture was rocked gently for 4 min at room temperature, and then observed. Any sign of agglutination was considered positive. For TAT, the procedure of Hur et al. was followed. Briefly, quantities of 0.08, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, 0.00125 ml of serum samples were placed in different tubes and mixed with 2 ml of diluted antigen. The results were read after incubation at 37^o C for 48 hours. A positive reaction was one in which the serum-antigen mixture was clear and gentle shaking did not disrupt the flocculi. A negative reaction was one in which the serum-antigen mixture was not clear and gentle shaking revealed no flocculi.

Statistical analysis The results of the tests were statistically analyzed for interpretation by using Chi-square (x² ) tests. Probabilities associated with the observed values of Chi-square were determined from relevant. Significance was determined at a 5% level.

Source of Information: J. Vet. Sci. (2005), 6(3), 223–226

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

A total of 3 (4.0%) Brucella positive antibody cases were recorded in cows above four years of age whereas, 1 (2.3%) positive cases were found in cows less than 4 years of age. This findings correlate with the observation of Chantal and Thomas, who found the high prevalence rate (8.7%) of brucellosis in cattle of 5-10 years old. Similar reports were also recorded by other investigators. So, it may be considered that the high prevalence rate of brucellosis among older cows might be related to maturity with the advanced age and therefore the organism found their way to propagate to remain either as latent infection or it may cause the clinical manifestation of disease. However, the older animals are supposed to be infected, because of more contact with infectious agents and sometimes from malnutrition during pregnancy. The fact that that number of Red Shindi was the highest and the prevalence of brucellosis in Bangladesh cow population is not negligible and it is worthwhile to consider adoption of preventive measures.

Knowledge Management: Journal