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Research Detail

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M. Mustafa Hussain
Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Bangladesh has so far achieved close to 90% self-sufficiency in cereals but the production of noncereal crops like pulses and oilseeds has not kept pace with the population growth and has either remained stagnant or has declined. While due importance has been given to the production of cereals, a similar emphasis on pulses is lacking. The per capita consumption of pulses in Bangladesh is only about 5.5 g day-1 whereas in India the present per capita consumption is 45 g day-1, which is considered to be below. The Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) was set up to bring about a major and quick breakthrough in agricultural development by production, procurement, and supply of agricultural inputs and by promoting modern technology. During the Second Five-Year Plan period (198] -85,) BADC undertook a scheme to produce foundation and the certified seed of pulses and oilseeds. Very little was achieved during this period. At the request of the Government of Bangladesh, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) sponsored a feasibility study in J 984/85 for a crop-diversification program and concluded that such a project based on pulses, potatoes, and oilseeds would help increase the production of these crops. The BADC proposed to operate the pulses and oilseeds project under this program in the third plan period (1987-92) with specific objectives. It is expected that the project will be implemented soon.

  Pulses, Seed Production, Distribution Program, Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation
  In Bangladesh
  
  
  Seed Technology
  Pulses

During the Second Five-Year Plan (1981-85) a scheme titled "Multiplication of pulses and oilseeds in Bangladesh" was undertaken by BADC in 1980 for the first time to produce and distribute foundation and certified seeds of pulses and oilseeds in order to raise the yield levels of these crops. Of the pulses, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), and among the oil crops, mustard (Brassica campestris L.), rape seed (Brassica napus L.), and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were taken up for production by BADC. 

System of Seed Production

The National Seed Board recognized three classes of seed based on genetic identity and verified purity. B A D C produces and distributes only foundation and certified seeds.

Production of Foundation Seed

The pulses and oilseeds project of BADC has three foundation seed farms, a 20-ha farm at Amjhupi, Meherpur, a 12-ha farm at Tebunia, Pabna, and a 3-ha farm at Faridpur for the production of oilseeds and pulses. The Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur and the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh are responsible for the production, processing, preservation, and supply of breeders seed of pulses, as well as for maintenance breeding. The concerned plant breeders/ organizations are required to supply the seed-producing agency with an indented quantity of breeders' seed. In principle, foundation seed is required to be produced in the foundation-seed multiplication farm (FSMF) of the pulses and oilseeds project out of breeders' seed. If for some reason breeders' seed is not available from the concerned breeders' organizations, then the best seed available with BADC is utilized for the production of foundation seed.

The target for production of foundation seed is fixed in advance of the actual requirement by the Member Director (Seed), BADC. The Project Director (Pulses and Oilseeds) maintains close liaison and submits indents for breeders' seeds to the primary agricultural research institutes/breeders. The Pulses and Oilseeds Division collects breeders' seed and transports it to the foundation-seed farms, in conformity with the national target for seed production. On receipt of the breeders' seed, agronomists at the foundation-seed farms grow the same with special care. The Project Director (Pulses and Oilseeds) arranges to examine the foundation-seed plots with the help of a field inspection committee (FIC) constituted from the headquarters by the Member-Director (Seed), BADC and accepts the seed plots which meet the prescribed standards. The seed agronomist harvests, threshes, dries and cleans the seed from the accepted seed plots with great care. Seeds are tested for germination, purity, and moisture. The seed lots which meet the procurement standard are preserved in the respective foundation seed farm's pulses and oilseeds processing centres. Periodic drying and testing are done in the storage centres. The lots of stored foundation seeds are offered to the seed agronomist, Central Seeds Testing Laboratory, BADC, Dhaka for testing. Seeds of only the accepted seed lots of prescribed standards are packed, labeled, and tagged for distribution as foundation seed.

Production of Certified Seed

The seed produced from the foundation seed is known as certified seed. Certified seed is also produced from the first generation of certified seed/first-class certified seed in case of a shortage of foundation seed. Certified seed is meant for distribution to farmers in general. The production, processing, and preservation of certified seed is controlled by the Pulses and Oilseeds Division under the Member-Director (Seed), BADC. The Divisional Headquarters is in Dhaka and is managed by the Project Director (Pulses and Oilseeds), Deputy Director, and Assistant Directors. The target for the production of certified seed pulses is fixed by the Member-Director (Seed) one season in advance of the requirement. The following factors are taken into consideration when the target is fixed: 1. past distribution trend of seeds by variety; 2. indent of seed from Regional Manager (Seed) and Department of Agricultural Extension; 3. scheme provision for the distribution of certified seed; and 4. stock of carry-over seed, if any.

The production of certified seed of pulses is made in the Foundation Pulses and Oilseeds Farms, Seed Multiplication Farms, and Jute-Seed Multiplication Farms.

Quality Control System of Seed

Pulses seed has not yet been included in the certificate program of the Seed Certification Agency. However, to ensure supply of quality seed BADC has formed a system of quality control of its own which includes field inspection, testing, and labeling by assigned personnel of the corporation. 

Processing, Preservation, and Packing of Seed

The certified-seed plots of pulses are inspected by a Field Inspection Committee formed by the MemberDirector (Seed). The accepted plots are harvested, threshed, cleaned, and dried by the respective officers. On the basis of a lifting program issued by the MemberDirector (Seed) and the Seed Agronomist, the Seed Processing Centres lift only the seed which conforms to the specified quality. The seeds are processed and stored in the Seed Processing Centres. Before sowing begins these seeds are offered to the Central Seed Testing Laboratory of BADC for testing and only the seed from the accepted lots is packed, labeled, and tagged for distribution as certified seed.

Seed Distribution and Sale

According to the distribution program issued from the headquarters, the seed agronomist despatches the seed to the Regional Manager (Seed), BADC. The seed is sold from the seed sale center directly to farmers on a first-come-first-served basis at the rate fixed by the headquarters.

  Advances in Pulses Research in Bangladesh Proceedings of the Second National Workshop on Pulses 6-8 Jun 1989 Joydebpur, Bangladesh
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

The progress in the production and distribution of the pulses seed is slow. This is due to the release of a limited number of improved cultivars of pulses and a lack of knowledge on the part of the farmers about the already released cultivars, as a result of poor extension work. Unless some good high-yielding cultivars of pulses are released and popularized among the farmers by extensive extension work, the situation cannot be improved. To make a real breakthrough in pulses production in the country, the Crop Diversification Program, which takes into consideration the activities of BARI, DAE, BADC, and agricultural marketing as a whole should be implemented very quickly.

  Report/Proceedings
  


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