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Extraction and Evaluation of Phytochemicals from Banana Peels (musa Sapientum) and Banana Plants (musa Paradisiaca)

Asif Ahmed Kibria*
Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering Daffodil International University Shobhanbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Kamrunnessa
Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering Daffodil International University Shobhanbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Mahmudur Rahman
Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering Daffodil International University Shobhanbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Annanya Kar
Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering Daffodil International University Shobhanbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Banana plants (Musa paradaisica) and banana peels (Musa sapientum) two of same genus Musa are grown in worldwide and consumed as ripe fruit or used for culinary purpose. All parts of the banana plants have medicinal applications. The aim of the present study was detection of phytochemicals from this two types of samples and find out some viable phytochemicals which might be used as food additives after commercial purification. These two types of samples banana plants and banana peels were collected from local area of sobhanbagh near Daffodil International University. Samples were washed and dried in room temperature and grinded in pestle. Then 25 gm of grinded samples were soaked in 75 ml of 70% methanol, ethanol, acetone and 0.9% NaCl solution for 72 hours. Then all the extracts of banana peels and banana plants were detected by standard protocol. Flavonoids, carbohydrates, reducing sugar, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, steroids, glycosides, phytosterols, phenols, terpenoids, were detected from those extracts. Negative and positive result of presence of phytochemicals were detected by the observing of color change. Banana peels and banana plant extracts were showed maximum result in ethanolic extracts. The present study showed qualitative analysis of phytochemicals content existence in banana peels and banana plants extracts. The study also discussed the application of some phytochemicals in food industry.

Keywords: Banana peels and Plants, Sample preparation, Screening of Phytochemicals.

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Banana

Objectives:

Various part of the banana plants like roots, leaves, flowers have used different types of medicinal purposes for example, leaf juice is use to treated flesh winds cuts and insects bites and leaves acts as an arbortifacient. Even the sap of the plants used to treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, hysteria and epilepsy. The root is used to treat general disease and anemia. It also has been notified to use as antiscorbutic, aphrodisiac, and diuretic. Banana stem extracts had been suggested to be beneficial properties for the treatment of hypeoxaluricurolithiasis, high blood pressure and kidney disease. According to BBS 2009-2010 around 133305 acre were cultivated by banana plant and 818254 metric tons of banana were produced. Roots, flesh, even all the body of the banana plants are useable, but in our country huge amount of banana tree have been thrown after collecting the banana fruits. This banana when cut down it causes the pollution of environment.

Methodology:

All experiments were performed in the Process lab of Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering Daffodil International University.

2.1 Collection of sample or plants materials Banana peels and the banana plants were collected from the local area of market and sobhanbagh near the daffodil international university. A huge amount of banana are sell in everywhere in Dhaka city and the banana peel are thrown by the people after eating the banana fruit portion. On the other hand banana plants are grown everywhere in Bangladesh. Banana plants are cutting by the farmer and thrown away after taking the fruit. The collected samples were available in the Dhaka city and this types of materials are mentioned as a waste materials. So that it is easily collected from the local area at Dhaka city.

2.2 Sample Preparation and procedure The collected samples were washed properly and keep it room temperature for some time for dry. The samples were cut into small pieces and blended by electronic blender and then pestle and grinded by mortar for fine particles. The grinded two types of samples were soaked with prepared 70% methanol, ethanol, acetone and 0.9% Nacl aqueous solvents. The extracts of samples were prepared 25mg in 75ml of solvents in conical flask for the 1: 3 ratios. Another solvent 0.9% NaCl was taken 75ml into a conical flask and 25gm of extracts and mixed well. The aluminum foil paper were used to seal the conical flask and marked by permanent marker for identifying. Four types of extracts were kept at 72hours or 3 days at room temperature. After 72 hours all the extracts were sieved with a thin cloth and all the aqueous extracts taken into separate conical flask and sealed by aluminum foil paper. Then marked by a permanent marker. The extracts were used for the detection of phytochemical analysis.

2.3 Screening of phytochemicals compound To identify the photochemical derivatives in the methanol, ethanol, acetone and NaCl aqueous solution extract were performed for standard photochemical screening. 2.3.1 Detection of flavonoids Magnesium ribbon and few drops of concentrated HCL were added to 2 ml of extracts in a test tube, pink or red color indicates the presence of flavonoids. 2.3.2 Detection of carbohydrate Molish test: 2 ml of Molish's reagent and 2 ml of extracts were boiled and then few drops of sulfuric acid was added. A radish ring indicates the presence of carbohydrates. 2.3.3 Detection of reducing sugar 5 ml of extracts was added with 5ml of boiling Fehling solution for 2-5min. A brick red precipitate indicates the presence of reducing sugar. 2.3.4 Detection of tannin 2 ml of extracts was taken into a test tube and added few drops of 0.1% or 1m ferric chloride. A blue black or greenish black coloration indicates the presence of tannin. 2.3.5 Detection of saponins Foam test: 2 ml of extract was shaken with 5 ml of distilled water in a test tube. If foam persist for ten minutes which indicates the presence of saponins. 2.3.6 Detection of anthraquinones 2 ml of extracts with added 2 ml of ammonium hydroxide solution. A bright pink color indicates the presence of anthraquinones. 2.3.7 Detection of steroides 2 ml of extract, 2 ml of chloroform, 2 ml of acetic acid and 1ml of concentrated sulfuric acid. A blue green indicates the presence of steroids. 2.3.8 Detection of Alkaloides Wagner test: 2 ml of extracted treated with few drops wagner"s reagent. Formation of brown or radish precipitate indicates the presence of alkaloids. 2.3.9 Detection of Glycosides Modified Bronstrager's test: Extracts were treated with some 0.1%or 1m ferric chloride solution and immerse in boiling water for 5 minutes. Then the mixture was cooled and adds equal volume of benzene. Then the benzene layer was separated into another test tube and treated with ammonia solution. Formation of rose pink color in the ammoniacal layer indicates the presence of anthranol glycosides. 2.3.10 Detection of phytosterol 2 ml extracts were treated with 5 ml chloroform and filtrates. Then the filtrates were treated with few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid shaken and allowed to stand. Appearance of golden yellow color indicates the presence of phytosterol. Libermanburchard’s test: 2 ml of extracts were treated with 5 ml of chloroform and filtrates. Then added a few drops of acetic acid anhydride and boiled. Added few drops of concentrate sulfuric acid. Formation of brown ring at the function indicates the presence of phytosterol. 2.3.11 Detection of Phenols Ferric chloride test: 2 ml of extract were treated with 3-4 drops of 0.1%or 1m ferric chloride solution. Formation of bluish black color indicates the presence of Phenols. 2.3.12 Detection of Terpenoides: 2 ml of extract were treated with 2 ml of chloroform, then added 3ml of or few drops of sulfuric acid. Radish brown coloration in the inter face indicates the presence of terpenoides.

Source of Information: Malaysian Journal of Halal Research Journal (MJHR) 2019, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 1 ISSN: 2616-1923 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study were qualitatively analyzed some potential phytochemicals from popular waste banana peels and plants. Most of the phytochemicals are the essential raw materials for food and pharmaceuticals industries which are imported every year. Banana peels and plants are being wasted after consumption and collection of banana fruit. It has become a vital concern of environmental pollution. This two types of materials would be a great source of extraction of phytochemicals which are important raw materials for food and pharmaceuticals industry. Every year all over the world huge amount of phytochemicals are being imported by food and pharmaceuticals industries. Even Bangladesh imported such kind of phytocompound for their demand of raw materials of food industries. Phytochemicals isolation would be a great currency saving method by extraction and purification of some selected phytochemicals which actually needed for food and pharmaceuticals industries. So establishing an allied industry would be a better idea to isolation and purification of phytochemicals from this types of waste materials. At the same time it will be helps to reduce environmental pollution by using this waste materials. After purification this waste pose materials would be a suitable fertilizer for our agricultural land.

Knowledge Management: Journal