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Distribution and Diversity of Macrobenthos in Sangu River, Bangladesh

Md Mozammal Haque
Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Abu Sayed Muhammad Sharif
Bangladesh Oceanographic Research Institute, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

Md Kawser Ahmed
Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Ferdows Anwar
Department of Environment, Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Dhaka1207, Bangladesh

Seema Rani
International Centre for Ocean Governance, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Md Habibur Rahman Molla
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Makidul Islam Khan
International Centre for Ocean Governance, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted to understand the macrobenthos distribution and abundance in Sangu River to monitor the aquatic pollution level. Both surface and sub-surface water and benthic sediments were collected from three stations of the Sangu River. A few indices viz. Shannon-wiener, Simpson, Margalef’s, and Evenness were used to estimate the macrobenthic assemblages. In this study, a total of 11 major taxa comprising total of 870 macobenthic species were identified. Shannon-wiener index was maximum (1.58) at the lower part (LP) which indicated moderate to heavily pollute the aquatic environment of the Sangu River. The average diversity values of Shannon, Evenness, Simpson, and Margalef’s indices were 0.97, 0.43, 0.39, and 1.54 respectively. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was the lowest (4.90 mg/L) at LP and the highest (5.08 mg/L) at the upper part (UP). This study showed that macrobenthos abundances were influenced by higher temperature, salinity, and pH. The percentage of organic carbon content was maximum (98.18%) at LP where the macrobenthic abundance was 330 individuals/m², whereas it was minimum (80.77%) at UP where macrobenthic abundance was 248 individuals/m² that indicated carbon content also influences the assemblages of the macrobenthos in the Sangu River. A clear gradient of Physico-chemical and benthic soil parameters fluctuation was also found to be responsible for the variations of macrobenthos assemblage in the Sangu River.

Keywords: Macrobenthos, Distribution, Diversity, Soil and water quality parameters, Sangu River

Location: The Sangu River in Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-10-2018

End Date: 00-12-2018

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: River

Objectives:

To assess the macrobenthos distribution and abundance in the Sangu River.

Methodology:

The study was directed to the Sangu River in Bangladesh. Three sampling stations were selected for the research- Upper Part (UP), Middle Part (MP), and Lower Part (LP). In this study, several scientific instruments and chemicals were used to collect, preserve and process the samples. A list is given below:

Grab Sampler
Thermometer
Dissolve Oxygen (DO) Meter
Zipper Bag
Ross Bengal Powder
Sieve Plate and Niddle
10% Buffer Formalin
Slide, Microscope, and Motic Camera.

The benthic samples and sediments were collected from the bottom substrate of each sampling location from October to December 2018 by using an Ekman grab sampler having an opening mouth of 0.95 m² and water samples collected by 500 ml bottle. The bottles were pre-washed properly each time to remove any form of contaminants. The water samples were preserved temporarily until analysis. The collected samples were placed in the laboratory. All coarse materials were sorted, counted, and identified. The specimens were identified based on the external morphology and categorized into various taxa following the available keys (Belaluzzaman, 1995). The selected physical and chemical parameters were also measured. The physical and some chemical parameters were measured on the spot and the rest were determined in the laboratory. Statistical data were analyzed by using MS Excel (version-13).

Source of Information: The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 9(2), 2020, P 27-34

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/dujees.v9i2.55087

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Environmental pollution is the major constraint for the production of any aquatic area. Any organism can tolerate a certain level of environmental change. However, when there is an abrupt change of surrounding environmental conditions which is beyond the tolerance level, the living organisms are bound to migrate or decrease in that situation. In this study, a total of 11 major taxa including 870 macrobenthic species were identified where Nemertean, Polychaete, Oligochaeta, and Crustacean were the dominant groups at all. Findings of this study reported that the Physico-chemical parameters of water and benthic basin are mainly accountable for the variations of macrobenthic communities. Therefore, the present study might be a key upcoming framework to assess the pollution status and the macrobenthic circumstances in the Sangu River that is economically significant. Macrobenthic organism’s abundance and distribution of the Sangu River gives an important indication of the health of the river. Based on the sensitivity level, proper management strategies such as the reconstruction of the river should be taken to conserve the aquatic ecosystem of the river. This study suggests improving the existing methods of biological assessment and develops new methods since there is ambiguity about the relationships between the macrobenthic diversity and particular environmental factors.

Knowledge Management: Journal