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Research Detail

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M.A.M. Mondol
School of Science and Technology, Bangladesh Open University, Board Bazar, Gazipur-1705, Bangladesh.

Rice blast, caused by a fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype, is an important and serious disease of wheat worldwide. The disease has been reported to cause yield losses up to 100%. Extensive use of persistent synthetic pesticides to control notorious wheat blasts imposing enormous threat to human health and environment as well as developing resistance in fungal population to fungicides. Additionally, increasing demand for organically produced foods stimulated a search for alternative approaches. Nowadays, botanical pesticides are gaining popularity due to effective in managing crop pests, inexpensive, biodegradable, being easily available, and have low toxicity to non-target organisms. With a view to identifying active plant extracts, 11 extracts (five ethyl acetate and six methanol extracts) were subjected to in vitro screening test against Magnaporthe Oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype. The marked inhibitory activity (20 mm zone of inhibition) of methanol extract (1 mg/disk) obtained from Dimocarpus longan (jungle lychee) was shown against MoT. This plant extract can thus be used for developing natural fungicides against wheat blast. Other medicinal plant extracts showed little or no activity at all.

  Activity, extracts, Fungicides, Medicinal plants, Wheat blast, Zone of inhibition
  Mirzapur under Tangali districts.
  00-00-2019
  00-00-2019
  Pest Management
  Diseases, Wheat

To evaluate in vitro efficacy of 11 medicinal plant extracts (six methanol extracts and five ethyl acetate extracts) against wheat blast caused by notorious fungal pathogen, M. oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype.

Ethyl acetate (Scharlau, Spain), methanol (Scharlau, Spain), n-hexane (Daejung Chemicals and Metals Company Ltd, Korea), Mueller Hinton Agar (HiMedia, India), sterile filter paper disk (BioMaxima S.A., Poland), filter paper (Whatman Int. Ltd, Maid Stone, England), heavy-duty blender (Havells, India) and iprodione (Auto Crop Care Ltd, Dhaka, Bangladesh) were bought from local suppliers. All used solvents and reagents were analytical and reagent grades, respectively. Healthy stems and leaves of 11 medicinal plants were collected through an expedition in 2019 from Mirzapur under Tangali districts. These plants were collected in plastic bags. The plant parts (leaves and stems) were thoroughly washed under running tap water, chopped into small species, and dried under shade for 2 weeks in the biological science lab, Bangladesh Open University. After drying, the plant materials were grinded into fine powdered form by using a blender, kept in plastic bags, and stored in a refrigerator. Lately, the powdered form of the above 11 medicinal plants was taken out from storage and subjected to solvent extraction. 100 g powder of each medicinal plant was taken in 2 L conical flasks; 1 L ethyl acetate was added to five of them (plant number 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10) and 1 L methanol was added to another six of them (plant number 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 11) and all were left for overnight. Then the plant material was removed by filtration using Whatman filter paper and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness using a rotary evaporator at reduced temperature (40°C). Both ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were partitioned between methanol and n-hexane; the n-hexane phase, which mainly contains fats, was discarded and the methanol phase was concentrated to dryness using a rotary evaporator at reduced temperature (40°C). These extracts were subjected to activity screening against MoT pathotype. The test pathogen, M. oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype, was called from Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. This test pathogen was isolated from infected wheat. To study the activity of medicinal plants, first, the test pathogen (MoT pathotype) was streaked on the sterilized potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium (prepared according to the manufacturer’s guideline) (3.9% w/v) from stock culture and then incubated at 28°C for five days. This seed culture was used for the activity screening of medicinal plant extracts. All the microbial culture works were done under aseptic conditions. To prepare the activity assay plate, PDA medium was sterilized at 121°C for 20 min by an autoclave machine. The medium was poured on the sterilized Petri dish (120 mm) and left to solidify in a laminar airflow cabinet. Antifungal activity against MoT of the medicinal extracts was determined by the agar disk diffusion assay method (Bauer et al. 1966). In brief, some mycelia of MoT was taken out from seed culture plate by sterilized cotton swab and spread on sterilized PDA medium. Each medicinal plant extract was dissolved and diluted with the appropriate solvent combination. From diluted each plant extract, a specific amount of sample was taken out by the micropipette so that it contained 1 mg extract and impregnated in the sterile microbial susceptibility testing paper disk (6 mm). After drying, all the disks containing test samples were transferred about 1 cm apart by sterile forceps on the surface of the previously MoT pathogen spread agar plate. Then this plate was incubated at 28°C for five days. After incubation, the zone of growth inhibition for each extract was measured in mm. Iprodione (1 mg/disk) and one sterile empty paper disk (6 mm) were used as positive (standard) and negative controls in this experiment, respectively.

  Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 16(1): 24-28 (February 2021)
  http://ggfjournals.com/e-journals archive
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

Wheat production in Bangladesh is under threat due to the outbreak of devastating wheat blasts as currently available fungicides are partially effective against disease causal agents. Additionally, the environmental toxicities of these fungicides further limit their application. The current findings suggest that extract obtained from leaves and stems of jungle lychee possess significant antifungal properties against MoT pathotype. This plant extract is safe and eco-friendly. Additional studies are required to identify and characterize the active antifungal compounds in the extract and their role in wheat blast disease control in order to develop natural and eco-friendly fungicides.

  Journal
  


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