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Physico-chemical Characteristics and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments of the River Dakatia, Bangladesh

Shanur Jahedul Hasan
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Station, Chandpur-3602, Bangladesh.

Mohosena Begum Tanu
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Fresh Water Station, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Istiaque Haidar
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Station, Chandpur-3602, Bangladesh.

Tayfa Ahmed
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Station, Chandpur-3602, Bangladesh.

AKM Shafiqul Alam Rubel
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Station, Chandpur-3602, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study briefly deals with the presence of trace heavy metals in the waters and sediments of River Dakatia in Chandpur district of Bangladesh and their relation with some physico-chemical parameters. The study was carried out from June 2013 to July 2014 on three selected sampling stations of River Dakatia. The transparency was found in Hajigonj, Puranbazar and Eachali were 176.33, 37 and 41 (cm) respectively. The concentration of DO was higher in Puranbazar when compared with Hazigonj and Eachali. In water the highest concentrations of Pb, Cu, Mn and Zn were found in Eachali. The highest concentrations of Cu, Fe, Cr, and Zn were found in sediment from the Eachali. From the data obtained on physicochemical parameters, it was found that the water quality of Dakatia River was fairly good in order to sustain life and also water was in a condition to be used for different purposes.

Keywords: Water quality, Heavy metals, Sediments, Dakatia River

Location: Dakatia river of Chandpur was selected as the study site since this river is likely to be affected by municipal and industrial pollution during recent days. Three sampling points were selected on the basis of some features such as: effective factors in water’s quality, human and environmental factors and the probability of pollution by emission sources. These stations are: Station-1: Near Hazigonj Bazar Bridge where urban sewages is running into and establishing few minor handicraft and small sc

Start Date: 00-06-2013

End Date: 00-07-2014

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

To determine water quality and levels of some heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in water, bottom sediments thus evaluate the suitability of the Dakatia River as a fish habitat.

Methodology:

Water and soil samples were sampled at an interval of 2 months from June 2013 to July 2014. Soil samples were collected from top 20 cm of soil in polythene bags and water samples were collected from 0.50 m below the water surface using 500 ml high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottle (APHA. 1998), stored in ice box, transported to the laboratory and preserved in 4°C until subsequent analysis. Water samples were filtered through membrane filter and analyzed. The fish and soil sediments were prepared following the standard protocol. Muscle samples of fishes were taken with a knife after removing the skin. The muscles were fragmented, homogenized and packed in a polyethylene wrap; stored at −20°C in order to be preserved for further analysis. Soil samples were also fragmented, homogenized and prepared in the same manner compliant with the acid digestion method. Soil samples were digested with the mixture of nitric acid, perchloric acid and sulfuric acid (3:2:1) for 1 hr at 120°C (AOAC, 2000). Digested samples were then filtered with Whitman 42 filter and raised the volume to 100 ml with distilled water. Physico-chemical Water quality parameters, such as Water temp (0C), Water color, Odor of water, Conductivity (μs/cm), transparency, TDS (mg/l), dissolve oxygen (DO), pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonia (NH3) were analyzed on the same day of sampling. A seechi-disc measured transparency. A centigrade thermometer measured temperature of air and water. Free CO2 content was determined. Total alkalinity was estimated. Total hardness was determined. HACH test kit (Model-FF-2, USA) was used to measure pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), conductivity was measured by EC meter (HANNA instruments: H19143). The concentration of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn in water and soil were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). In the present study Physico-chemical Water quality parameters and heavy metal concentration in the water of Dakatia River were evaluated by comparing with various standard values of surface water. In case of heavy metal concentration in sediment of the river, the degree of contamination in the sediments is determined with the help of two parameters - Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo).

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 10,000/-

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Life and river are closely integrated in most parts of Bangladesh. The country depends on its river system for fishery, agriculture, navigation and even sanitation. Chemical profiles of Dakatia River water in the present study indicate that the water is beyond the acceptable limit for fish, i.e., Dakatia River as a polluted river. Among all, DO was in most critical state, always recorded below the acceptable range among all the sampling points. DO, being the most important parameter of water for survival, distribution and growth of fish, indicates a state of unfavorable, unhealthy and polluted environment of Dakatia River due to discharges from industrial and municipal sources. However, it is recommended to suggest a way forward in achieving proper management though effective planning for the conservation of this river in near future.

Knowledge Management: Journal