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Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth of Onion (allium Cepa L.) Seedlings

D. Khanam
Principal Scientific Officer (Ex.)
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701Bangladesh.

M.M. Rahman
Scientific Officer (Ex.)
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701Bangladesh.

M.A. Satter
Senior Scientific Officer (Ex.)
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi collected from different sources were tested for their effectiveness in promoting growth of onion seedlings in a glasshouse pot experiment. The sources of AM inocula were Jamalpur, Joydebpur, Ishurdi, Hathazari, Local mix and Exotic mix. Summer onion, BARI Piaz-2 was used in this experiment. Mycorrhizal inoculation influenced significantly all the growth characteristics of onion seedlings over uninoculated control. Same trend was reflected on the root colonization, spore numbers in the rhizosphere soil and nutrient uptake. The highest root colonization (90.0%) was recorded with AM inoculum collected from Jamalpur. But the highest spore population (255.5 per 100 g soil) was obtained from the rhizosphere soil of AM inoculum collected from Hathazari. Different mycorrhizal inocula influenced seedlings growth differently. Effect of AM inocula on nutrient uptake also differed.

Keywords: Onion, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Root colonization, Spore

Location: Joydebpur

Start Date: 01-11-2002

End Date: 30-06-2003

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Onion

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of AM fungi on the growth of onion seedlings.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was carried out in the glasshouse of Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur during 2003. Summer onion (Var. BARI Piaz-2) was used as test crop. The experiment was designed in RCBD with seven treatments and four replications. Mycorrizal inocula JL2000, JD2000, ISD2000, HT2000 and ICR2000 used in the experiment were collected from Jamalpur, Joydebpur, Ishurdi, Hathazari and ICRISAT, India, respectively. The inocula were maintained in the glass house of Soil Science Division, BARI. Seven treatments were used in this experiment viz. Jamalpur (M1), Joydebpur (M2), Ishurdi (M3), Hathazari (M4), Local mix. (M5), Exotic mix (M6) and control. Mixture of soil and cowdung (5:1) was sterilized by 10% formaldehyde and used one kilogram per pot. No chemical fertilizers were used. Fifty gram inoculum of each source was applied per pot. A layer of inoculum was first placed in each pot filled with sterilized soil and was covered with a thin soil layer of 1 cm in which seeds were sown. The seeds of onion were sown on 15th March and harvested on 17th June 2003. After harvesting, certain growth parameters were measured. Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of plant were taken. An estimation of percentage of mycorrhizal formation was made for each root system by determining the proportion of mycorrhizal roots in a sample of 100 short roots counted at random. Assessment of spore population was done by following the Wet Sieving and Decanting Method (Gerdemann and Nicolson, 1963). Spores were observed under stereomicroscope and the numbers of spores were counted and the result was expressed as number per 100 g of dry soil basis. Dried plant materials were ground and processed for determination of nutrient contents. Nutrients uptake was also calculated.

Source of Information: 01. Annual Research Report. 2002-2003, Soil Science Division, BARI, Gazipur 02. Ten Years Soil Science Research Activities & Future Strategies. 2007, Soil Science Division, BARI, Gazipur

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 10,000/-  1 = 10,000/-

Total Budget (Tk.) : 10,000/-  1 = 10,000/-

Achievement/Findings:

Plant height Maximum plant height was obtained with treatment M4 but it is identical to M6. The data reveal that with few exceptions, mycorrhizal inoculation showed significant increase in plant height compared to control. This might be attributed to the addition of more nutrients by AM fungi that enhanced vegetative growth. Number of leaves Maximum number of leaves was recorded with M2. But the above treatment did not differ significantly with other treatments including control. Stem diameter Significant differences were shown between inoculated treatments and control with respect to stem diameter values. The maximum diameter was recorded with M1. Fresh weight The highest fresh weight was recorded with M5. Mycorrhizal inoculation displayed higher fresh weights over control. Dry weight Seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal inocula produced significantly higher dry weight over uninoculated control. B. Mycorrhizal development Root colonization Percent root colonization was increased significantly by AM inoculation over control. The highest root colonization was obtained by inoculum from Jamalpur (M1). Spore population Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum, M4 recorded the significantly higher spore numbers over other five inocula collected from different sources including control. C. Nutrient uptake The significantly highest P uptake was found in onion seedling with AM inoculum M2 over other inocula except M3. The highest K uptake was obtained by using the inoculum M4. The highest amount of S uptake was found with M2. The inoculum, M5 obtained the highest B uptake. Copper uptake increased significantly by M3. The highest Fe uptake was recorded by M2. The significantly highest Mn uptake was observed in M4. The inoculum M3 showed the highest Zn uptake. It was observed that AM inoculation enhanced nutrients uptake.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings