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Waterlogging Tolerance of Maize Cultivation

M S Alam
Senior Scientific Officer
Irrigation and Water Management Division.

M A K Mridha
Senior Scientific Officer
Irrigation and Water Management Division.

M H Rashid
Director
Wheat Research Centre, Nashipur, Dinajpur

K C Roy
Chief Scientific Officer
FMPE Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Maize production in Bangladesh is increasing rapidly. Its yield is affected by waterlogging. A study was undertaken in a silty clay loam soil at Joydebpur during the rabi season of 1996-97 and 1997-98 to determine the critical stages of maize in respect of waterlogging. Three durations viz. 24, 48 and 72 hours of waterlogging condition applied at three different stages of growth such as 16, 46 and 86 days after emergence (DAE), along with normal irrigation and drainage practice were tested for yield and yield contributing characters of maize. In waterlogging treatment, irrigation was applied first and then waterlogging was maintained. Depths of waterlogging were applied at the rate of 6 mm per hour. In both th years. the treatment with normal irrigation and drainage (T₁, 3 irrigations at 3 different growth stages) produced the highest yields, which were 6.28 t/ha in 1996-97 and 6.41 t/ha in 1997-98. Plant height, ear height, number of cob per plant, biomass and grain weight were also found to be the highest in T₁ for both the years. The treatment with 72 hours duration of waterlogging (T₄) at 46 DAE produced the lowest yields, whi h were 4.21 t/ha in 1996-97 and 3.42 t/ha in 1997-98. In both the years, T₄ in all the stages were found harmful to maize production. As a result, the highest yield reductions were found 32.96 per cent 10 1996-97 and 46.65 per cent in 1997-98. In the control treatment (T₁), total applied irrigation waters w re 152 mm al ng with an effective rainfall of 112 mm in 1996-97 and 145 mm with an effective rainfall of 119 mm in 1997-98.

Keywords: Maize Cultivation, Waterlogging, Tolerance

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur.

Start Date: 00-00-1996

End Date: 00-00-1998

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

To determine the critical stages of maize sensitive to waterlogging and also to determine the duration of tolerance.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted with maize cv. Barnali at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur during the dry seasons of 1996- 97 and 1997-98 with a split-plot design having three replications. The unit plot size was 3.0 x 2.5 m. Row to row and plant to plant spacings were 75 cm and 25 cm, respectively. The soil was a silty clay loam with bulk density of 1.5 g/cc and field capacity of 27.5 per cent. The fertilizers were used at the rate of 120, 60, 50, 20 and 5 kg/ha of N, P₂0₅, K₂0, S and Zn, respectively.

At the beginning of the experiment, soil moisture levels were monitored. Average soil moisture status at the sowing time at 5 to 10 em depth was 24 per cent in 1996-97 and 24.5 per cent in 1997-98. Soil moisture levels before each irrigation were monitored for both the irrigation and waterlogging treatments and these varied from 15.2 per cent to 26.4 per cent moisture in 1996-97 and the corresponding moisture variations were ranging from 16 per cent to 22 per cent in 1997-98. Based on the soil moisture status, irrigation amounts were calculated and applied to the experimental plots. Seeds were sown on 17 November 1996 and 13 November 1997 and the corresponding harvestings were made on 8 April in 1997 and 21 April in 1998. During harvest the kernel had a moisture level of 25 per cent in 1997 and 21 per cent in 1998. Before starting this experiment, an infiltration curve was developed by using a double ring infiltrometer. In waterlogging treatment, irrigation was applied first and then waterlogging was maintained by constant supply of water at the required stage for the specific period required by the treatments and excess water was drained out. Yield and other agronomic characters viz., plant height, ear height, numbers of cob per plant, biomass and 1000 grain weight were recorded at harvest.

Source of Information: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh Agricultural Engineering Division, Vol. 30/AE, No.1, Dec. 2003

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of this study imply that for maize cultivation, stage S2 (46 DAE) is the most critical stage from the view point of water stagnancy. Yields reduced significantly with 72 hours duration of waterlogging. It was followed by 48 hours and 24 hours of waterlogging.

Knowledge Management: Journal