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Modification of Salt Tolerance Level in Groundnut (arachis Hypogaea L.) Through Induced Mutation

Dr. Md. Abul Kalam Azad
Principal Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division,Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Shah-E- Alam
Professor
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dr. M.A. Hamid
Director General (Former)
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Three experiments were carried out in pots under glass house conditions of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) to assess tolerance levels of groundnut mutant genotypes /mutant varieties to salinity stress. The first experiment assessed salinity levels based on reduction in shoot biomass under 8 desi siemen per meter (dS/m) salinity imposed during flowering till harvest stages of 41 mutants, 4 mutant varieties and 5 non mutant varieties including the parent of the mutants and mutant varieties. Based on the result of the first experiment 22 mutants/mutant varieties with higher, moderate and lower shoot biomass reductions were further screened based on pod number and pod weight under the same salinity level and growth stages. It was observed that the mutants and mutant varieties attained different levels of salinity tolerance in contrast to their parent Dacca-1 which was highly sensitive. From the third experiment, it was also revealed that the tolerant mutant/variety accumulated increased total sugar contents to that of unstressed control treatment when exposed to salinity stresses during flowering and pod filling stages and free amino acid during pod filling stage, helped maintaining turgor of guard cell and intake of CO₂ through opened stomata. This CO₂ in presence of undamaged chloroplast helped maintaining photosynthesis and mobilization of assimilates to reproductive organs, particularly kernel. Finally, it was concluded that it is possible to modify salinity tolerance level of a sensitive groundnut through induced mutation by directly irradiating its seed or seeds of mutant(s) derived from it.

Keywords: : Salinity, Groundnut, Induced mutation, Salinity tolerance, Mutant

Location: BINA glass house, Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-04-2005

End Date: 31-08-2007

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To assess the tolerance levels of the mutant lines derived from Dacca-1 against salinity.

Methodology:

Average temperature in the glass house during the experimental period was 20-35ºC and relative humidity was 60%-90%. The first experiment screened forty one mutants and 9 varieties including four mutant varieties and the parent of the mutants/mutant varieties at 8.0 dS/m salinity, imposed during the flowering till harvest stages following a two factor experiment in CRD design with three replications based on reduction in shoot biomass yield. The 2nd experiment further screened 12 tolerant/moderately tolerant and 10 sensitive/moderately sensitive mutants/varieties following a two factor experiment in CRD design with three replications based on reduction in pod number and pod weight (pod yield) under 8 dS/m salinity. Finally, the third experiment assessed mechanism of salt tolerance. For this study, a tolerant Binachinabadam-3 and two sensitive varieties: Dacca-1 and Zhingabadam were subjected to five levels of salinity: 0.4 (control), 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS/m at vegetative, flowering and pod filling stages. A three factor experiment following CRD design with three replications was used.

Source of Information: Legume Research, Vol. 36 (3) : 224 - 233, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on reduction in shoot biomass (yield) the mutants/varieties could be classified into four groups: the mutants/varieties with (a) <20% reduction (b) 20% to 40% reduction (c) 41 to 60% reduction and finally (d) >60% reduction in shoot biomass. The first group comprised of only one mutant M6/15/79-71, which was derived from irradiating the seeds of a mutant of Dacca-1. The second group comprised of 20 mutants including two mutant varieties: Binachinabadam-2 and Binachinabadam-3. The third group comprised of 22 mutants including two mutant varieties: Binachinabadam-1, Binachinabadam-4 and two non-mutant varieties: Zhingabadam and Dacca-1. Here non-mutant varieties mean the varieties bred through other than mutation breeding. The fourth group comprised 7 mutants. Reduction in pod weight under saline condition ranged from 17.57% to 100% with Binachinabadam-3 being the lowest while complete reduction in 10 mutants including Dacca-1. Four mutants had reduction in the range of 20 % to 40% while 3 had in the range of 41 to 60%. In contrast, 14 mutants had in the range of 61% to 100%. The mutants/varieties with <20% to 40% reduction in pod weight (pod yield) are really tolerant. In contrast, the mutants/varieties with similar lower reduction in shoot biomass or pod number are also tolerant under the condition that they can maintain similar lower reduction in pod yield under salinity stress conditions. This result undoubtedly proves that salt tolerance levels of the mutants have been altered to that of their parent/grandparent, Dacca-1.

Knowledge Management: Journal