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Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis in Bangladesh

Mr. Mustofa kamal Chowdhury
PhD Fellow
Department of Surgery & Obstetrics, BAU, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A cross sectional survey was carried out in wet and dry periods in three districts of Bangladesh in the year 2007-2009. In each period, 312 cows from 44 herds in Sirajgonj, 301 cows from 56 herds in Satkhira and 278 cows from 41 herds in Chittagong were examined to determine the prevalence and risk factors of mastitis. A total of 209 milk samples in the wet period and 123 milk samples in the dry period were collected from cows that were positive to California Mastitis Test (CMT). The samples were processed to culture individually on Blood and MacConkey agars at 37ºC for 48 hours. The cultured plate was screened and further biochemical characterization was performed for identification of bacteria and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates (Investigation I). One hundred pregnant cows (36 cows from 17 herds in Sirajgonj, 32 cows from 16 herds in Satkhira and 32 cows from 13 herds in Chittagong district) affected with sub-clinical mastitis were selected for a dry cow therapy; 50 cows received the treatment and other 50 served as control (DCT, Investigation II). The data were analyzed by binary logistic regression and paired t-test by using SPSS to determine the associations between risk factors and mastitis, significance of individual variable and periodic effects on mastitis in cows. Sub-clinical mastitis was higher (p < 0.05) in herds, cows and quarters (26.0, 21.0 and 7.8%, respectively) in the wet period than that of dry period (17.0, 9.0 and 4.4%, respectively). Moderate clinical mastitis was higher (p < 0.05) in cows and quarters (4.0 and 1.5%, respectively) in dry period than those in the wet period (1.0, and 0.2%, respectively). Sub-clinical mastitis was higher (29.0%; p < 0.05) (29.0%) in Chittagong than those in the Sirajgonj and the Satkhira districts (16.0 and 19.0%, respectively) during the wet period. Herd size, floor conditions, feeding of cows before or after milking, age of cows, month in lactation and udder cleanliness were identified as risk factors that influenced the prevalence of mastitis. Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CNS) was identified as the most common cause of sub-clinical mastitis in cows irrespective of periods while Enterobacter spp. was identified as the least common cause in the wet period and Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Streptococcus agalactiae were identified as the least common cause of sub-clinical mastitis in the dry period (Investigation I). In the investigation II, more cows that received DCT recovered from sub-clinical mastitis (p < 0.05, 78.0%) than did non-treated control cows (38.0%). The economic benefit of the administration of DCT in individual cow was US$ 33 per six month. Further investigations on developing protocols for the treatment of mastitis based on milk microbial culture and extension of dry cow therapy are needed as components of an effective surveillance program to control bovine mastitis in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Mastitis , Risk factors , Surveillance, Epidermiology, Cow

Location: Sirajgonj,Satkhira and Chittagong

Start Date: 00-00-2007

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cow

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence and risk factors of mastitis.

Methodology:

A cross sectional survey was carried out in wet and dry periods in three districts of Bangladesh. In each period, 312 cows from 44 herds in Sirajgonj, 301 cows from 56 herds in Satkhira and 278 cows from 41 herds in Chittagong were examined to determine the prevalence and risk factors of mastitis. A total of 209 milk samples in the wet period and 123 milk samples in the dry period were collected from cows that were positive to California Mastitis Test (CMT). The samples were processed to culture individually on Blood and MacConkey agars at 37ºC for 48 hours. The cultured plate was screened and further biochemical characterization was performed for identification of bacteria and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates (Investigation I). One hundred pregnant cows (36 cows from 17 herds in Sirajgonj, 32 cows from 16 herds in Satkhira and 32 cows from 13 herds in Chittagong district) affected with sub-clinical mastitis were selected for a dry cow therapy; 50 cows received the treatment and other 50 served as control (DCT, Investigation II). The data were analyzed by binary logistic regression and paired t-test by using SPSS to determine the associations between risk factors and mastitis, significance of individual variable and periodic effects on mastitis in cows.

Source of Information: Ph D thesis of Mr. Mustofa kamal Chowdhury, Department of Surgery & Obstetrics, BAU, Mymensingh, Year 2011

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Prevalence of sub-clinical and clinical mastitis in cross-bred cows of Bangladesh has been determined during wet and dry period. Riskfactors associated with mastitis in farms and cows has been identified. Bacteria have been isolated and antibiotic sensitivity has been determined. Effectiveness and feasibility of dry cow therapy for controling mastitis has been evaluated.

Knowledge Management: Thesis