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Effect of Size of Urea Supergranule and Spacing on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice

Mr. Md. Monir Uddin
PhD Fellow
Department of Agronomy, BAU, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at Agronomy field of Bangladesh Agricultural University during the period 2007-2010. The growth, yield and N use efficiency of rice under different sizes of urea super granule (USG) and planting spacing management were studied. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of different sizes of USG and plant spacing on inbred and hybrid rice, and to determine optimum rate of USG and plant spacing for higher yield of rice in dry (Boro rice) and wet (T. aman rice) seasons. The field experiment was laid out in a split-plot design where variety was placed in the main plot, N management in the split plot and plant spacing in the split-split plot. Hybrid Hira 99-5 was tested in both Boro and Aman seasons, BRRI dhan29 was grown in Boro season and BRRI dhan41 in Aman season. There were seven rates of urea supergranule (USG) and prilled urea (PU) for both boro and T. aman rice. Three plant spacings 25 cm X 15 cm, 20 cm 15 cm and 20 cm X 15 cm were used for both rice crops. Considering N management, USG @ 3.6 g/4 hills performed significantly better considering all parameters including crop yield in Boro season. In case of plant spacing, the 25 cm × 15 cm spacing both BRRI dhan29 and Hira 99-5 gave higher grain yield in Boro season than the other spacings. In Boro season, BRRI dhan29 performed better with grain yield in 8.23 t ha-1 by using USG @ 3.6 g/4 hills with the plant spacing 25 cm × 15 cm in 2007 and 7.96 t ha-1 in 2008. Hira 99-5 produced the highest grain yield with using USG @ 3.6 g/4 hills by following the plant spacing 25 cm × 15 cm, the yield being 10.74 t ha-1 in 2007 and 8.62 t ha-1 in 2008. In Aman season, BRRI dhan41 gave higher grain yield with using USG @ 1.8 g/4 hills and plant spacing of 25 cm × 15 cm and recorded grain yields of 5.06 t ha-1 and 5.47 t ha-1 in two years, respectively. On the other hand, Hira 99-5 gave the highest grain yield with using USG @ 1.8 g/4 hills and 25 cm × 15 cm plant spacing in both years and it was 4.79 t ha-1 in 2006 and 6.12 t ha-1 in 2007. The use of USG for wetland rice cultivation is highly promising since it positively influences N use efficiency as well as increasing of organic matter content in soil through producing more root dry matter. In Boro season, highest amount of grain N uptake was observed both in BRRI dhan29 and Hira 99-5 using USG @ 3.6 g/4 hills and 25 cm × 15 cm plant spacing which was recorded 102.05 kg ha-1 and 202.99 kg ha-1 in 2007 and 92.34 kg ha-1 and 168.78 kg ha-1 in 2008, respectively. In Aman season, the highest amount of N uptake by grains was found in BRRI dhan41 with USG @ 1.8 g/4 hills and 25 cm × 15 cm plant spacing and it was 46.05 kg ha-1 in 2006 and 48.68 kg ha-1 in 2007. Initial soil N was 30.80 kg ha-1 in the experimental plots considering the furrow soil in the land but it was increased to 33-44 kg ha-1 after harvest of last experimental crop in case of using USG @ 3.6 g/4 hills with 25 cm × 15 cm plant spacing. Consider the interaction of variety, size of USG and plant spacing it was observed that Hira 99-5 and BRRI dhan29 produced the highest amount of root dry matter with using 3.6 g USG/4 hills and 25 cm X 15 cm plant spacing in 75 DAT mentioning 3,829.32 kg ha-1 and 3,280 kg ha-1 in 2007 and 2,635 kg-1 and 3,160 kg ha-1 in 2008, respectively. In the case of Aman season, BRRI dhan41 and Hira 99-5 produced highest amount of root dry matter-3,840 kg ha-1 and 1,957 kg ha-1 in 2006 and 3,688 kg ha-1 and 1,984 kg ha-1 in 2007, respectively with using 2.7 g USG/4 hills and 25 cm 15 cm plant spacing in 75 DAT. It was found from the Boro season experiments that BRRI dhan29 produced 25-32.5% more grain yields using USG @ 3.6 g/4 hills with 25 cm × 15 cm plant spacing than prilled urea and Hira 99-5 produced 44-170% more grain yields following the same treatments with saving 30 kg N ha-1 in case of BRRI dhan29 and 20 kg N ha-1 for Hira 99-5. Similarly in Aman season, BRRI dhan41 and Hira 99-5 produced 7-62% and 39-66% more grain yields over control with saving of 45 kg N ha-1 in case of both varieties.The growth, yield and N use efficiency of rice under different sizes of urea super granule (USG) and planting spacing management were studied. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of different sizes of USG and plant spacing on inbred and hybrid rice, and to determine optimum rate of USG and plant spacing for higher yield of rice in dry (Boro rice) and wet (T. aman rice) seasons.

Keywords: Urea supergranule, Size, Spacing, Growth, Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Rice

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2007

End Date: 00-00-2010

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of different sizes of USG and plant spacing on inbred and hybrid rice
To determine optimum rate of USG and plant spacing for higher yield of rice in dry (Boro rice) and wet (T. aman rice) seasons.

Methodology:

The growth, yield and N use efficiency of rice under different sizes of urea super granule (USG) and planting spacing management were studied. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of different sizes of USG and plant spacing on inbred and hybrid rice, and to determine optimum rate of USG and plant spacing for higher yield of rice in dry (Boro rice) and wet (T. aman rice) seasons. The field experiment was laid out in a split-plot design where variety was placed in the main plot, N management in the split plot and plant spacing in the split-split plot. Hybrid Hira 99-5 was tested in both Boro and Aman seasons, BRRI dhan29 was grown in Boro season and BRRI dhan41 in Aman season. There were seven rates of urea supergranule (USG) and prilled urea (PU) for both boro and T. aman rice.

Comments/ Suggestions: Incomplete. Methodology should be elaborated with data recorded and analytical procedure ( in brief).

Source of Information: PhD thesis of Mr. Md. Monir Uddin, Department of Agronomy, BAU, Mymensingh, Year 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is find out through the research that both the BRRI dhan29 and Hira 99-5 can be grown in boro season using USG @ 3.6 g/4 hills by following the 25 cm × 25 cm plant spacing to get the highest grain yield. It is showed that BRRI dhan29 and Hira 99-5 produced 25-32.5% and 44-177% more grain yields over control with saving 30 kg N ha^-1 and 20 kg N ha^-1, respectively. In Aman season, both the BRRI dhan41 and Hira 99-5 may be cultivated using USG @ 1.8 g/hills and 25 × 15 cm plant spacing. It was found that BRRI dhan41 and Hira 99-5 produced 7-62% and 39-66% additional grain yields with USG @ 1.8 g/hills and 25 × 15 cm plant spacing by saving 45 kg N ha^-1. Hira 99-5 can be cultivated both in Boro and Aman seasons because of its higher yield and short growth duration.Urea supergranule (USG) can be used to keep the soil fertile by adding more biomass. It was found that Hira 99-5 and BRRI dhan29 produced the highest amount of root dry matter (3,829.32 kg ha^-1 and 3,280 kg ha^-1) with USG @ 3.6 g/4 hills and 25 × 15 cm plant spacing in 75 DAT in 2007 and 2,635 kg ha^-1 and 3,160 kg ha^-1 in 2008, respectively. In the case of Aman seasons, BRRI dhan41 and Hira 99-5 produced highest amount of root dry matter (3,840 kg ha^-1 and 1,957 kg ha^-1) in 2006 and 3,688 kg ha^-1 and 1,984 kg ha^-1 in 2007, respectively. So, the maximum biomass through root dry matter could be added in the soil to keep the soil fertile.

Knowledge Management: Thesis