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Crop and Water Management for Increasing Rice Cropping Intensity and Productivity of the Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Sanjida Parveen Ritu
PhD Fellow
Department of Irrigation and Water Management, BAU, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

First field experiment was conducted in 2006−2008 in the silty clay soil of Batiaghata, Bangladesh to test the hypothesis that high and stable productivity can be achieved by (i) dry seeding of the aus crop, (ii) using short-duration rice varieties and supplemental irrigation during crop establishment of the aus crop, and (iii) replacing local rice by a high-yielding variety in the aman season. The effects of irrigation and seeding date treatments on aus crop yield varied across years because of variation in rainfall distribution. Aus crop yields under I₃ and I₂ were comparable (4 t ha^-1) with but greater than those of I₁ (2 t ha^-1) when the aus crop was seeded during dry spells. But the yield of I2 was similar to that of I₁ when there was sufficient rainfall after seeding. I₂ required only 100-200 mm of irrigation water, whereas I₃ needed 660-1042 mm. The average incremental water productivity varied from 0 (in the year of adequate rainfall) to 1.3 kg grain ha^-1 mm^-1. Treatment D₃ delayed the planting of aman rice, thus decreasing the growth duration of PVST2 and reducing its yield compared with D₁ and D₂. BR11 did not change its growth duration and had yield similar to that (>4 t ha^-1) of PVST2 in D₁. In 2nd experiment, grain yield of aus rice under transplanting and direct seeding methods were similar for the first planting on 30 April. In the late seeding treatment, high rainfall submerged the transplanted rice, reducing its yield greatly. For both establishment dates, BR49 had higher yield than BR46. Long-term simulation results of ORYZA2000 confirmed that, to ensure 75% probability of good crop establishment and yield under rainfed condition, the aus crop should be seeded in late April. With earlier seeding dates, rice with supplementary irrigation (50–100 mm of water) performed better than rainfed rice, with the simulated yield of OM1490 approaching 5 t ha-1. In favorable conditions, the aus-aman cropping system gave yields ranging from 8 t ha^-1 yr-1 (OM1490 aus, I2D2 followed by BR11) to 9.6 t ha^-1 yr^-1 (late seeding of OM1490 followed by BR49). The aus crop, however, was subjected to heavy pest infestation. This work showed that, with timely establishment of the aus season crop (seeding near the end of April), and the use of a modern, short-duration rice variety in the aus season and of a medium-duration variety in the aman season, the aus-aman system can yield as much as 8–9 t ha^-1 yr^-1. The stability of the aus-aman cropping system can be enhanced by supplementary irrigation (where limited groundwater is available) to ensure good crop establishment of the aus crop. In water-scarce areas, seeding of the aus crop can be delayed until 10 May (to ensure adequate rainfall for establishment), followed by growing a photoperiod-insensitive rice variety in the aman season. Late seeding, however, may expose the aus crop to submergence during its crop establishment period.

Keywords: Crop and water management, Rice cropping intensity, Productivity

Location: Batiaghata

Start Date: 00-00-2006

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To provide the basis for increasing the productivity of the coastal zones by developing technical packages that would allow double cropping (an Aus-Aman cropping system) in the rainy season.

Methodology:

Source of Information: PhD thesis,Department of Irrigation and Water Management, BAU, Mymensingh, Year 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Seeding on end of April and the use of short-duration (110 d) HYV in the aus season and of medium-maturing varieties (130 d) in the aman season, it is possible to have a double rice-cropping Aus–Aman with total yield approaching 9 t ha^-1 yr^-1. Supplementary irrigation from groundwater with about 100 mm of water would ensure good emergence of early seeded rice or later seeded rice during drought years, increasing the yields significantly compared with rainfed rice.

Knowledge Management: Thesis