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Analysis of Red Chittagong Cattle Genotype in Nucleus Breeding Herd

Md. Ahsan Habib
PhD Fellow
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The factors that affected milk production traits were herd on all milk yield traits except DD, parity on LMY and DMY, calving season on LL, calving year on all traits except DD. The least squares means of age at puberty (AP) and age at first calving (AFC) were 37.5±1.0 and 49.7±1.1 months, respectively and there were no differences among herds. The least squares means of fertility traits were 1.4±0.1 no, 65.5±6.7, 81.5±3.7 and 63.1±5.7%, respectively for number of services per conception (NSC), first service conception rate (FSCR), gross conception rate (CR) and non-return rate to first service (NRRFS). None of the environmental factors contributed significant effect on these fertility traits. The least squares means of reproductive traits were 278.6±0.6, 131.4±6.7, 141.2±8.4 and 422.8±9.7 days and 83.6±1.4% for gestation length (GL), postpartum estrous period (PPEP), days open (DO), calving interval (CI) and breeding efficiency (BE), respectively. The conception rates at different services were 67.7, 23.9, 6.2, 1.3 and 0.4% for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th+ services, respectively. The only environmental factor that affected the reproductive trait significantly was season of conception on gestation length. Unlike gestation length, all other reproductive traits were not affected by all factors included in this study. The effects of screening while forming on-station nucleus herd was highly significantly negative for milk production traits, whereas both negative and positive values (even though not significant) for other traits studied were observed. Genetic parameters were estimated by Restricted (Residual) Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedure using animal model. The heritability of weight and growth traits were medium to high ranging from 0.15 to 0.47 and their corresponding progeny repeatability estimates were low to medium ranging from 0.07 to 0.31. The heritability and repeatability estimates of milk yield traits were estimated from low to high ranging from 0.02 to 0.61 and 0.03 to 0.59. The heritability of monthly test day (TD) milk yield ranged from 0.42 to 0.66. The heritability estimates of cumulative monthly TD milk yield ranged from 0.54 to 0.79. The phenotypic and genetic correlations among weight and growth traits were positive and low to high ranging from 0.04 to 0.98 and 0.12 to 0.98, respectively. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between lactation milk yield and days dry were moderate (-0.33 and -0.42, respectively) and significant. The phenotypic and genetic correlations among reproductive traits were very low to very high ranging from -0.36 to 0.77 and -0.36 to 0.79, respectively. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between productive and reproductive traits were very low ranging from -0.19 to 0.06 and -0.27 to 0.03, respectively. Breeding values were estimated for milk yield traits only. Animals were ranked according to their estimated breeding values (EBVs) ranging from -90.2 to 114.9 kg for 305 day milk yields and -0.8 to 0.9 kg for TD milk yields. The expected genetic gain as a result of one generation of selection was predicted with selection differential multiplied by heritability of the trait. The observed or actual genetic gain due to first generation parent selection was estimated from the deviation between the phenotypic mean of the progeny of the selected animals and parents selected for breeding. The expected response for DMY was 0.04 kg per generation while that of observed/actual response decreased of -0.43 kg in the next generation. Considering the performance, variation in traits within population, estimates of heritability, repeatability and phenotypic and genetic correlations of the studied traits, it has become apparent that there is still chance of improvement of RCC population if continual introduction of screened superior RCC bulls into the Nucleus Herd and rigorous female selection based on their estimated breeding values is continued.

Keywords: Phenotype, Red Chittagong Cattle, Genetic parameters

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2005

End Date: 00-00-2010

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

To investigate the phenotypic and genetic parameters of body weight and growth traits, milk production and reproduction traits of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC)

Methodology:

The study was carried out to investigate the phenotypic and genetic parameters of body weight and growth traits, milk production and reproduction traits of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC), an indigenous cattle of Bangladesh. For that purpose accumulated data on a total of 330 animals from four different Herds (Anwara and Chandanaish Upazila in Chittagong district, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Nucleus Herd and Char Jailkhana Community Herd in Mymensingh district) covering a period from 2005 to 2010 were used. The genetic and environmental factors that affected the performance of the individuals were looked at. The fixed factors considered for analysis of the traits were herd, age, parity or lactation number, season, year, sex and sire. Data were analyzed by General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SPSS 11.5 version program to find out the least squares means and least significant difference for fixed factors in every trait.

Source of Information: PhD thesis of Md. Ahsan Habib, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Year 2011

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC), an animal genetic resource of both national and global interest has been attempted to conserve and develop. This research work has studied at length the phenotypic performance and genetic parameters (heritability, repeatability and genetic correlations) of economic traits, correction factors developed for part lactation milk yield to be used by breeders in genetic improvement program for RCC and other indigenous cattle of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Thesis