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Characterization of Bitter Gourd

Sajia Rahman
Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Dr. A. M. M Mosiul Hoque
Principal Scientific Officer
Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted with 25 accessions of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Data were recorded on 13 qualitative and 7 quantitative characters. Variations were found in leaf size, leaf lobes, leaf pubescence (upper and lower), stem end fruit shape, blossom end fruit shape and fruit skin color. All the accessions showed angular stem shape, tendril present, dented leaf margin, protuberance fruit surface and monoecious flowering habit. A good ranged of variation was found in days to 1^st opening of male and female flower, fruit length, width and weight, seeds per fruit and 100 seed weight. The maximum co-efficient of variation was obtained from mature fruit weight (61.87%) and minimum in mature fruit width (11.77%).

Keywords: Bitter gourd, characterization and variability

Location: Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur

Start Date: 08-11-2007

End Date: 30-06-2008

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Bitter gourd

Objectives:

(i) to study the genetic variability, (ii) to identify salient features that distinguish accessions from one another,(iii) to identify the promising accessions for varietal development and (iv) to increase seeds for conservation.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out with 25 accessions of bitter gourd at PGRC, during 2007-08. The accessions were collected from different part of Bangladesh. The seeds were sown in polythene bag on 23 October 2007 and the seedlings were transplanted in the prepared pit on 8 November following Lattice design (5x5) with 3 replications. The plot size was 3 x 1.5m. A basal doses of fertilizer consisting of 8 kg cow dung, 25 g TSP and 25 g MP per pit were applied during final land preparation. 1^st and 2^nd top dressing was completed with 30 g urea/pit, respectively. Normal cultivation techniques, intercultural operations and irrigation were applied as and when necessary to grow the crop. Observations were recorded on qualitative and quantitative characters as per IBPGR descriptor.

Source of Information: ANNUAL RESEARCH REPORT OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES CENTRE-2007-2008

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 15,000/-

Total Budget (Tk.) : 15,000/-

Achievement/Findings:

Thirteen qualitative characters were noted. All the accessions showed angular stem shape, tendril present, dented leaf margin, protuberance fruit surface and monoecious flowering habit. The highest variability was found in fruit skin color such as dark green-7 (accessions), green-7, light green-10 and lemon green-1. In case of leaf lobes, shallow-7, intermediate-14 and deep-4 were found. Among the accessions, three type of leaf pubescence (upper surface) such as low-7, intermediate-15 and high-3 were observed. On the other hand, leaf pubescence (lower surface) low-7, intermediate-17 and high-1 were found. Three types of stem end fruit shape such as flattened-8, rounded-11 and pointed-6 and two types of blossom end fruit shape like rounded-13 and pointed-12 were observed among the accessions. For leaf size, small-7, intermediate-15 and large-3 were observed. Among the accessions, 12 accessions were prominent, thick and blunt but 13 accessions were prominent, thick and pointed protuberance present of fruit surface. Range, mean, standard deviation and co-efficient of variation are measured. Days to opening of 1^st male flower ranged from 25.50 (BG-50) to 94.0 (BG-44) days while 1^st female flower ranged from 30.50 (BG-43) to 108.33 (BG-44) days. BG-44 showed late flowering both for male and female flower. Matured fruit length ranged from 5.44 cm (BD-198) to 14.30 cm (BG-43) and fruit width was ranged from 2.22 cm (BD-189) to 3.59 cm (BD-4472). Maximum fruit weight, 66.40 (BG-43) g and minimum was found to be 8.6 (BD-173) g. Number of seeds per fruit was ranged from 5 (BD-189) to 17 (BD-4483). In case of 100-seed weight, the highest seed wt. was 27.56 g in BD-4475 while the lowest was 4.67 g in BD-171. The maximum CV (61.87%) was obtained for mature fruit weight and the minimum (11.77%) was found for mature fruit width.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings