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Impact of Irrigation and Nitrogen on the Physiological Disorder of Garlic

A. J. M. Sirajul Karim
Professor
Department of Soil Science, BSMRAU

Mohammed Zia Uddin Kamal
Professor
Department of Soil Science, BSMRAU

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during the Rabi season (November to March, 2009) to determine the impact of irrigation frequency and amount of nitrogen on the physiological disorder of garlic. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three irrigation treatments (irrigation at 10, 15 and 20 days intervals) to the main plots and four nitrogen doses (0, 100, 120 and 140 Kg N ha^-1) in the sub plots. Both irrigation and nitrogen played a significant positive role for accelerating the vegetative and bulb growth of garlic thereby favored positive trend on yield and other yield components. The combined apt of lowest irrigation frequency with maximum dose of nitrogen (I₂N₃) was maintained highest bulb yield having 5.58 t ha^-1,meanwhile the lowest yield was count in control. Furthermore, other yield components viz., the maximum bulb diameter (4.57 cm), longest bulb length (3.65cm), highest fresh bulb weight plant^-1 (16.39 g), higher dry matter of bulb (3.16 g/plant).he total water use ranges from 3.89 to 9.38cm, the highest was in the treatment I₁N₃ and the lowest was 10N₂ treatment. The water use efficiency varied from 032 to 074, the highest efficiency in the treatment I₂N₃ (irrigation at 20 days interval with 140 kg ha^-1 N). Crop growth pattern also significantly imposed by the irrigation frequency and nitrogen doses. The maximum period for emergence was required for the treatment I₀N₂ (no irrigation and 120 kg N ha^-1) and the minimum was recorded in the treatment I₁N₃ (irrigation at 10 days interval and N application @ 140 kg ha^-1) whereas, the maximum period for bulb initiation (90 days) and highest crop duration (120 days) was found under higher frequency of irrigation with highest dose of nitrogen (1₁11₃ treatment). Crop growth attributes also influence by the application of irrigation and nitrogen doses. The maximum average leaf area index (LAI) in all stages of growth, highest crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) was observed at Irrigation at 10 days interval along with 140 kg ha^-1 nitrogen (I₁N₃ treatment). The highest LAR (111.9 Sq. cm g^-1) was recorded from the I₂N₂ treatment (Irrigation at 20 days interval along with 120 kg ha^-1 nitrogen) and the lowest LAR (16.47 Sq. cm g^-1) was pragmatic in the treatment combination I₁N_I at 105-120 DAP stage. But the highest NAR (3.79 g/Sq.m/day) was achieved by the treatment combination of no irrigation along with 100 kg ha^-1 nitrogen (I₀N₁ treatment) at 45-60 DAP. Again, the highest LAD (11.5 days) was observed at I₂N₃ treatment and the lowest (1.43 days) was recorded at I₀N₀ treatment.

Keywords: Spices, Garlic, Irrigation, Nitrogen, Physiological disorder

Location: Experimental field of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur

Start Date: 00-11-2009

End Date: 00-03-2010

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Garlic

Objectives:

To identify the appropriate cause of physiological disorder of garlic.
To recommend the irrigation and nitrogen requirements of garlic.
To find out the appropriate measure against physiological disorder of garlic

Methodology:

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during the Rabi season (November, 2009 to March, 2010). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The experiment was consisting of four irrigation treatments arrange as main plot and four nitrogen rates as sub- plots. Treatments: Irrigation treatments (Main plot), I_o= Irrigation at 0 days interval, I₁= Irrigation at 10 days interval, I₂= Irrigation at 15 days interval, and I₃= Irrigation at 20 days interval. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments (Sub - plots) N_o = No application of N (Control), N₁₀₀ =N₁= Application of N at the rate of 100 kg ha^-1, N₁₂₀ =N₂= Application of N at the rate of 120 kg ha^-1. N₁₄₀ = N₃=Application of N at the rate of 140 kg ha^-1. Data recorded - Data on Phonological development, Growth Parameter, Yield, Yield component and Harvest Index and post harvest yield attributes were recorded. Collected data were statistically analyzed through "M-STAT program and the mean differences were compared by DMRT.

Source of Information: BSMRAU. Summary Report of Research Review Workshop (2009-10)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The highest frequency of irrigation and maximum nitrogen dose contribute much for increasing yield and yield component, it is clearly identified those are responsible for two observed physiological disorder of garlic (Pre-mature sprouting of garlic & Rubbering of bulb). However, the highest pre-mature sprouting of garlic bulb (67 pre-mature sprouting bulb /plot) was observed at moderate irrigation frequency (irrigation at 20 days interval) with maximum dose of N (140 kg /ha N) (I₂N₃ treatment) which was only 1.5% higher from I₁N₃ treatment meanwhile the lowest (15 pre-mature sprouting bulb /plot) was counted in I₀N₀ treatment. On the other hand, during moderate irrigation frequency with combination of different doses of nitrogen, rubbering of garlic bulb per plot was piercingly identical with other treatment combinations. In particular, the highest number of rubbering of garlic bulb/plot (9.5 rubbering of garlic bulb/plot) was identified in highest irrigation frequency and nitrogen doses i.e. I₁N₃ treatment which was just 5.26% ahead from I₂N₃ treatment and the lowest number of rubbering of garlic bulb/plot (2 rubbering of garlic bulb /plot) was in control treatment. The study suggests use of four irrigations at 20 days interval with 120 kg N ha^-1 is suitable for optimum yield of garlic (BARI ROSON-1) in silty clay loam soil.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings