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Leaf Spot Disease of Coconut Seedling and Its Eco-friendly Management

Mr. A. H. Khan
Ph D Fellow
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effect of weather on prevalence of seedling diseases of coconut during 2010-11 and 2011-12 in different areas of Bangladesh was studied to develop an environment friendly disease management practice. Pestalotia palmarum was isolated and identified from leaf having spot. Incidence and severity of grey leaf spot at seedling stage were determined and significant variations were observed depending on weather factors as well as locations. Occurrence of seedling disease was significantly influenced by temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Comparative effectiveness of BAU-Biofungicide either alone or in combination with two fungicides viz. Bavistin or Dithane M-45 was evaluated on coconut seedling in the nursery. Among the treatments applied, Trichoderma harzianum based BAU-Biofungicide either alone or in combination with Bavistin (0.2%) as an excellent biocontrol means in controlling leaf spot disease of coconut.

Keywords: Coconut seedling, Leaf spot disease, BAU-Biofungicide, Eco-friendly management

Location: Faridpur, Jhenaidah and Jessore

Start Date: 01-04-2010

End Date: 31-12-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Coconut

Objectives:

To develop an environment friendly disease management practice

Methodology:

Altogether 15 nurseries in three districts of Bangladesh viz. Faridpur, Jhenaidah and Jessore were surveyed and leaf spot disease of coconut seedlings were studied and information were recorded. Four visits were made in each year in the selected 15 nurseries during 2010-2012 growing season of one to two years old seedlings. During the survey in coconut nurseries, total number of coconut seedlings found in the nurseries was recorded. Total numbers of seedlings, number of healthy and diseased seedlings were counted from the selected nurseries. Then 30 seedlings were selected randomly from each of the selected nurseries. Each seedling was observed carefully and disease symptoms were recorded following the description of Singh (1996), Singh (1998) and Pathak (1980). Disease incidence was assessed as percentage of plants infected with at least one leaf spot or visible symptom. Assessment of disease incidence of coconut seedlings was calculated using formula of Rai and Mamatha (2005). Disease severity was evaluated using the method of Fagan and Goes (1999). The scale was used from 0 to 5, where 0= No visible symptoms, 1= 1-5% leaf area diseased, 2= 5.1-12% leaf area diseased, 3= 12.1-25% leaf area diseased, 4= 25.1-50% leaf area diseased and 5= >50% leaf area diseased. Moreover, data on air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were recorded. Eco-friendly management trial was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during August, 2010 to September, 2012. Pits were prepared in the field as per method of Mondal (2000). Application of fertilizers and manures were done following BARC fertilizer Recommendation Guide (FRG, 2005). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and 15 seedlings per treatment were used. For the management of nursery diseases of coconut seven different treatments were evaluated. Two fungicides viz. Bavistin and Dithane M-45, and one Trichoderma based preparation known as BAU-Biofungicide were used. The fungicides were applied as foliar spray at 30 days interval, but BAU-Biofungicide was applied as foliar spray as well as drenching in the soil. The treatments were as T₁= BAU-Biofungicide applied as soil drenching @ 2%, T₂= BAU -Biofungicide applied as foliar spray @ 2%, T₃= BAU-Biofungicide applied as soil drenching and foliar spray @ 2% and 2%, respectively, T₄= Bavistin as foliar spray@ 0.2%, T₅= Dithane M-45 as foliar spray @ 0.2%, T₆= BAU-Biofungicide applied as soil drenching and Bavistin as foliar spray @ 2% and 0.2%, respectively and T₇= Untreated control. BAU-Biofungicide is a formulated product of Trichoderma harzianum, developed in Eco-friendly Disease Management Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh (Hossain, 2003). BAU- Biofungicide was thoroughly mixed with the soil @ 6.4g/m² soil (Lo et al., 1996). The data on different parameters were compiled and analyzed statistically with the computer software program MSTAT-C (Russell, 1986). The mean differences were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(2): 199–208, 2013, ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The leaf spot causal pathogen was identified as Pestalotia palmarum. Incidence of leaf spot disease in coconut seedlings varied significantly from season to season as well as location to location that ranged from 26.33 to 80.36 % in 2010-2011 and 24.89 to 74.35% in 2011-2012, respectively. The highest incidence (80.36 %) of leaf spot was observed in October, 2010 at Faridpur followed by April, 2011 at Faridpur and the lowest (26.33 %) was observed in January, 2011 at Jessore. The similar trend was found in 2011-2012. The severity of leaf spot varied significantly from season to season as well as location to location and that ranged from 18.44 to 40.67 % in 2010-2011 and 15.73 to 27.67 % in 2011- 2012, respectively. Out of the control measures employed, BAU-Biofungicide was found superior for controlling the diseases of coconut. BAU Biofungicide (2 %) either alone or in combination with Bavistin (0.2%) was found as an excellent biocontrol means for controlling leaf spot disease of coconut.

Knowledge Management: Journal