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Salmonellosis in Layer Chickens: Pathological Features and Isolation of Bacteria from Ovaries and Inner Content of Laid Eggs

Dr. Md. Mokbul Hossain
Professor
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

We isolated and identified Salmonella organisms from ovaries of dead layer birds and from inner content of laid eggs of different poultry farms. The thirty eight ovarian swabs for bacteriology, visceral organs (liver, lung, spleen, egg follicles and intestine) of 38 dead birds for pathological study from 15 layer farms and 45 laid eggs (5 eggs/farm) from reported 9 Salmonella infected farms constituted samples of the study. Samples were subjected to isolation and identification of the causal agent followed by gross and histopathological study of the affected visceral organs. Seventeen of 38 ovarian swabs (44.7%) were Salmonella positive. The percentage of Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Pullorum and paratyphoid causing Salmonella were 70.6%, 17.6% & 11.8%, respectively. About 53% livers of Salmonella affected birds were enlarged, congested, friable and bronze coloured with white necrotic foci. About 59% egg follicles were congested, hemorrhagic, discoloured with stalk formation and 70.6% intestines showed hemorrhagic to catarrhal enteritis. At histopathology, 76.5% livers were congested with formation of multifocal nodules and 82.4% egg follicles were congested with huge leukocytic infiltration. Infiltration of heterophils in intestinal mucosa was found in 47.1% cases. Four Salmonella isolates were found from 9 laid egg samples (5 eggs content comprised as 1 sample) and isolation rate was 44.4% reporting transovarian transmission in poultry Salmonellosis.

Keywords: Histopathology, Laid eggs, Layer, Salmonellosis

Location: Mymensingh district

Start Date: 00-01-2010

End Date: 00-08-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

The present study was designed to isolate and identify Salmonella organism from ovaries of dead layer birds and inner content of laid eggs of different poultry farms as well as to study the pathology of different organs of Salmonella infected layer birds.

Methodology:

The study was conducted during the period from January to August 2010 at Mymensingh district. A total of 15 layer farms which contained 29,800 birds with no history of using Salmonella vaccine were selected for the study. A total of 38 ovarian swab samples were collected from the same flock along with the necropsy study. All the ovarian swabs were collected in test tubes containing 10 ml tetrathionate broth (TTB) and 200 ml of iodine-iodide solution was added in each test tube just before the collection of swab samples according to methods described elsewhere (Haider et al., 2003)..After overnight incubation in TTB, all the samples were primarily cultured in Nutrient agar and then subcultured in the Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar, Triple sugar iron (TSI) agar, Brilliant green agar (BGA), Eosine methylene blue (EMB) agar (Haider et al., 2003).. The presumptive colonies of Salmonella in different media were characterized microscopically using Gram's stain.Five basic sugars such as glucose, sucrose, lactose, mannitol and maltose were used for sugar fermentation test..It included MR test, VP test, indole test and dulcitol fermentation test (Merchant and Packer, 1967; Haider et al., 2003).Motility test was performed for the separation of motile and non-motile Salmonella according to the method described elsewhere (Haider et al., 2003).During the whole period of study, postmortem examinations of 38 dead birds were performed from the representative selected 15 layer farms. Gross pathological changes at necropsy were carefully observed and recorded. The tissues of different organs were preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological studies. The tissues were trimmed with 1.5 X 1 cm size, washed overnight in running tap water, dehydration in ascending grades of alcohol, cleaning in chloroform, blocking in paraffin and sectioned with microtome at 6 micron thickness. The sections were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining (Luna, 1968) and finally the sections were studied with light microscope.This test was performed by following the method described by Poppe et al. (1992) and Haider (2009). Total 45 eggs were collected from 9 farms (5 eggs/9 farms) followed by washing and disinfection of egg surface by 70% ethanol. Manually homogenization of pooled egg contents was performed by using stirrer. Incubation of homogenized egg contents was done with pre-enrichment media (BPW) at 37⁰C temperature as a standard proportion of 1:10 fold dilution for 48 hours followed by incubation in selective enrichment media (SRV) at 37⁰C temperature as a proportion of 1:10 fold dilution for 24 hours. Then plating was performed onto selective agar media (BGA, SS, TSI & EMB agar).

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 61–67, 2012, ISSN1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The result indicate that Salmonellosis has emerged as one of the most serious problems having adverse effects on poultry. In future for the control of Salmonella infection in poultry is very important.

Knowledge Management: Journal