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Gross and Histological Studies of Digestive Tract of Broilers During Postnatal Growth and Development

Ms.Morsheda Nasrin
Assistant Professor
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. N. H. Siddiqi
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Masum
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Wares
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Anatomy and histology of different segments of the digestive tract in postnatal growing broiler chickens were studied with regard to their location, shape, size and weight. A group of four chickens, each at day 1 (D₁₎, days 14 (D₁₄₎ and days 28 (D₂₈₎, total 12, were killed, their digestive tracts were dissected and described and shape, size and weight of different segments were recorded. Samples from different segments were prepared and stained with haematoxylin and eosin staining technique to study the histology under light microscope. The average lengths (cm) and weights (gm) of esophagus, proventriculus (glandular stomach), gizzard (muscular stomach), small intestine and large intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) in chickens at D₂₈than that at D₁₄and at D₁_.The histological layers of digestive tract were lamina epithelia, lamina propria, lamina muscularis, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa with the exception in esophagus where outer adventitia was found. The esophageal glands were significantly more in numbers at D₁(in cross section, 12 in number per focus under 100x) than at D₁₄ (6 in number per focus under 100x) and at D₂₈(2 in number per focus under 100x). The proventriculus consisted of macroscopic papillae with numerous microscopic folds with lamina propria comprised of simple glands, which converged into a common cavity near the surface. In gizzard, the cuticle, in the form of wavy lines ran parallel to the surface. The villi of small intestine and large intestine were lined by simple columnar epithelium. The apical parts of villi of the duodenum were slightly pointed and the basal parts of the villi were thicker than jejunum and ileum, whereas, the villi of the jejunum and ileum became shorter and broader than duodenum and most of the villi had blunt apical part and the basal parts were wider. The numbers of goblet cells were numerous in number in ileum than duodenum and jejunum. Plicae ran along the inner surface of the distal two thirds of the cacea. However, in the colorectum, the villi appeared as numerous long flat leaf-shaped structures which filled a large proportion of the lumen. The average lengths and widths of villi of small and large intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) in chickens at D₂₈than that at D₁₄and at D₁_. The number of goblet cells in lamina epithelium and intestinal glands of the lamina propria were numerous in number at D₂₈than the chickens at D₁₄and at D₁_.

Keywords: Anatomy, Histology, Digestive tract, Postnatal growth, Broiler

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2011

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

To study anatomy and histology of different segments of digestive tract of broilers in newly hatched and progressively matures broilers in Bangladesh

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in 2011-2012 at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. A total of twelve chickens (broilers), four chickens from each of 1 day, 14 days, and 28 days old groups were collected from poultry farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. All the chickens were reared in the Department of Anatomy and Histology with food and water ad libitum. After Cervical subluxation, the digestive tracts were collected for gross and histological study. The location, shape, size, length, breadth and weight of the segments of digestive tract were considered for gross study. For histological study, small pieces of esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine and large intestine were taken. These tissues were fixed in the “Bouins fluid” (Gridley, 1960) for 24 hours, dehydrated in the series of ascending grade of alcohol (70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 100%), cleared in xylene, infiltrated in paraffin, embedded in paraffin and finally the paraffin blocks were sectioned at 6 µm thickness using sliding microtome (MIC 509, Euromex, Japan). After sectioning, the sections were floated on luke-warm water in a floatation bath for stretching and then the paraffin sections were mounted on slides using an egg albumin and dried on slide warmer. The sections were then stained with standard Haematoxylin and Eosin method (Gridley, 1960) for general microscopic study.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 69–77, 2012, ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The average lengths and weights of esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine and large intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) at D₂₈ than that at D₁₄ and at D₁. Various layers of digestive tract were lamina epithelia, lamina propria, lamina muscularis, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa except in esophagus where outer adventitia was found. Esophageal glands were significantly more in numbers at D₁ than that at D₁₄ and at D₂₈. The average lengths and widths of villi of small and large intestine were higher at D₂₈ than that at D₁₄ and at D₁. The villi became shorter and broader and the depths of intestinal gland decreased considerably in ileum than that of duodenum and jejunum. The numbers of goblet cells increased in ileum than that of duodenum and jejunum with the advancement of age.

Knowledge Management: Journal