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Distinctness of 110 Rice (oryza Sativa L.) Varieties of Bangladesh Through Morphological Traits

Mr. M. S. Rahman
MS Fellow
Department of BiotechnologyPatuakhali Science and Technology UniversityDumki, Patuakhali 8602Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A total of 110 rice varieties of which 108 local (From Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) and two hybrid varieties (From ACI Ltd. Bangladesh) were used to identify the morphological traits during July, 2008 to June, 2009. These varieties represented four types viz. T. Aman (n=92), B. Aman (n=15), Boro (n=2) and Jhum accession (n=1) as described by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute’s literature. Though all these materials were varied ecotypically but grown in one (T. Aman) season. Irrespective of groups of all, 90 varieties were appeared distinctly morphologically from others due to seed colour; stigma colour; anthocyanin colouration of leaf sheath, nodes and lemma:palea, presence of awn and nodal root. Among 90 distinct varieties 19 were distinctly different from others by four traits, nine by three traits, 24 by two traits and 38 varieties by only single trait. The rest 20 varieties were distinguished flag leaf: attitude of the leaf blade. This was done to assess the quality traits of distinctness as major concern and was non-influenced by the environment.

Keywords: Rice, Distinctness, Morphological traits, T. aman, B. aman, Boro

Location: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding

Start Date: 00-07-2008

End Date: 00-06-2009

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To assess the quality traits of distinctness as major concern and was non-influenced by the environment.

Methodology:

Collection of seed and seedlings - Seedlings 29 days old of 108 local rice varieties were collected from Genetic Resource and Seed Division (GRSD), Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) in August 2008. Seeds of varieties ACI 1 and Aalok 932024 were supplied by ACI Ltd. Bangladesh in August 2008. All were planted in the experimental farm on August 4, 2008 for studying morphological traits. Observation, data collection and record keeping-The experimental plots were visited every day. The approved crop descriptors as given in the Volume 1 of PLANT varieties of Bangladesh were used for documentation of these varieties. All observations were made on at least 25-30 plants, for the assessment of uniformity of characteristics on the line as a whole, visual assessment was done by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants, all observations on the leaf were made on the penultimate leaf and For the assessment of anthocyanin colour characteristics, recommended Breeder’s descriptors codes were used. Measurements - A few qualitative traits such as anthocyanin colouration of leaf sheath, lemma:palea, stigma and node, presence of awn, nodal root and seed shape were mainly utilized for distinctness of rice varieties. Plant height was measured from the base of the plants to the neck of the panicle. The panicle length was measured from the neck to the tip of the panicle of main tillers without awns. Longitudinal dimension was measured as the distance from the base of the lowest sterile lemma to the tip (apiculus) of the lemma or palea, whichever was longer. In the case of awned varieties, length was measured to a point comparable to the tip of the apiculus. Dorsiventral diameter was taken as the distance across the lemma and the palea at the widest point. A few quantitative traits were studied using number of effective tillers, days to 50% flowering and maturity, panicle length, 1000 grain weight and length: width ratio of grains. Harvesting - The 110 rice varieties were harvested at different times from 27^th October, 2008 to 15^th January, 2009. This was due to their requirement of different days to reach maturity. Data analysis- Mean, Standard deviation and Co-efficient of variation were analyzed using a total of six parameters: effective tillers, days to 50% flowering, panicle length (cm), days to maturity, 1000 grains weight and seed length/width ratio.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 29–36, 2014, ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA)

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on morphological characterization, it has been possible to distinguish each of the 110 varieties. However, some of these traits, particularly the quantitative ones, may not be stable under variable environments. The photographs of these traits and others having importance as marker traits should be recorded for the protection of rice varieties. Among 90 distinct varieties 19 were distinctly different from others by four traits, nine by three traits, 24 by two traits and 38 varieties by only single trait. The rest 20 varieties were distinguished flag leaf: attitude of the leaf blade. This was done to assess the quality traits of distinctness as major concern and was non-influenced by the environment.

Knowledge Management: Journal