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Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Rice Yield as Influenced by the Application of Prilled Urea and Urea Super Granule with or Without Organic Manure

Mr. M. R. Husan
M S Fellow
Department of Soil ScienceBangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of prilled urea (PU), and urea super granule (USG) alone or in combination with poultry manure or cowdung on NH₄-N content of rice field with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and the yield of rice (cv. BRRI dhan50). The experiment was carried out at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during Boro season of 2012 and laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were six treatments viz. T₁ (Control), T₂ (78 kg N ha^-1 from USG), T₃ (136 kg N ha^-1from PU), T₄ (58 kg N ha^-1 from USG), T₅ (58 kg N ha^-1 from USG + 3 t ha^-1 poultry manure) and T₆ (58 kg N ha^-1 from USG + 5 t ha^-1 cowdung). All plots received recommended doses of P, K, S and Zn fertilizers. The NH₄-N in rice field water increased rapidly when N was applied as PU. In contrast, NH₄-N release was very slow when applied as USG over the crop growth period. Application of PU, USG alone or in combination with poultry manure or cowdung significantly influenced grain and straw yield, all the yield components except 1000-grain weight of BRRI dhan50. Urea super granule with poultry manure (treatment T₅) produced the highest grain and straw yield and the lowest values were recorded from control. Nitrogen content and uptake, apparent N recovery and NUE were also influenced significantly by the application of PU, and USG alone or in combination with organic manure. Among the treatments, T₅ demonstrated the highest N recovery and NUE. The overall results suggest that application of USG in combination with poultry manure could be considered more effective for increasing the yield and NUE of BRRI dhan50.

Keywords: Prilled urea, USG, Organic manure, NUE, BRRI dhan50

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2012

End Date: 00-05-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To examine the effect of prilled urea (PU), and urea super granule (USG) alone or in combination with poultry manure or cowdung on NH₄-N content of rice field with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and the yield of rice (cv. BRRI dhan50).

Methodology:

The field experiment was carried out at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from January to May, 2012. Experimental fields belong to the Non-calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain Soils under the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain agro-ecological region. The soil was silt loam in texture having pH 6.09, organic matter content 2.02%, total N 0.117%, available P 3.19 ppm, exchangeable K 0.092 me%, available S 9.52 ppm and EC 233 µS cm^-1. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. There were six treatments viz. T₁ (Control), T₂ (78 kg N ha^-1 from USG), T₃ (136 kg N ha^-1from PU), T₄ (58 kg N ha^-1 from USG), T₅ (58 kg N ha^-1 from USG + 3 t ha^-1 poultry manure) and T₆ (58 kg N ha^-1 from USG + 5 t ha^-1 cowdung). The nutrient content of cowdung and poultry manure has been depicted below: Thirty-five-day old rice seedlings were transplanted at a spacing of 20 cm × 10 cm. Intercultural operations such as irrigation and drainage, weeding and pest control were done when required. The first dose of PU and USG was applied 8 days after transplanting (DAT); the second dose of PU was added as top dressing 38 DAT (active tillering stage); the third dose of PU was added as top dressing 68 DAT (panicle initiation stage). The plant height was measured from the ground level to the top of the panicle. Total numbers of effective tillers hill^-1 and filled grains panicle^-1were also measured. Panicle length was measured from basal node of the rachis to apex of each panicle. The 1000-grain weight was recorded by an electrical balance after sun drying. Grain and straw yields were recorded from 1 m² area of each plot and expressed in kg/ha. The initial soil samples were analyzed for soil texture, pH, and organic matter, total N, available P, exchangeable K and EC. Particle size analysis of soil was done by hydrometer method ((Black, 1965) and the textural class was determined from Marshall’s Triangular Coordinate. Soil pH was measured with the help of a glass electrode pH meter (Michael, 1965). Organic matter was determined by wet oxidation method. Total N was determined by Semi-micro Kjeldahl method and available P was determined colorimetrically by stannous chloride (SnCl₂) method. Exchangeable K and available S were determined by flame photometer and a spectrophotometer method, respectively. The EC of soil was determined by conductivity meter. The surface water in the rice field was collected twice, at first top dressing of PU and deep placement of USG and at second top dressing of PU. Both the time water sampling was done before irrigation and two hours after irrigation followed by next seven days sampling maintaining a specific time of the day to analyze flood water NH₄-N. Ammonium nitrogen of water samples was determined by titrimetric method. Nitrogen contents in the plant samples were determined by Kjeldahl method. Nitrogen uptake was calculated multiplying the N content (%) by the corresponding yield divided by 100. The analysis of variance of different parameters of the treatments was made and then mean differences were judged by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) .

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 37– 43, 2014, ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of the present study indicate that treatments T₂ (78 kg N ha^-1 from USG) and T₅ (58 kg N from USG + 3 t ha^-1 PM) were statistically at par with in producing grain and straw yields of BRRI dhan50, but the use of T₅ (58 kg N from USG + 3 t ha^-1 PM) may be a better choice for rice cultivation considering the efficient use of nitrogen. However, application of 58 kg N from USG and 3 t ha^-1

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