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Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Wheat as Influenced by Integrated Use of Manures and Fertilizers

Dr. M. Rafiqul Islam
Professor
Department of Soil ScienceBangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2011 to March 2012 to evaluate the effect of integrated use of manures and fertilizers on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by wheat. There were six treatments such as T₀ (Control), T₁[STB-CF (HYG)], T₂ [CD + STB-CF (HYG)], T₃[PM + STB-CF (HYG)], T₄[COM + STB-CF (COM)] and T₅[FP (Farmers’ practice)]. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The integrated use of manures and fertilizers significantly influenced the yield attributes as well as grain and straw yields of wheat. The treatment T₁[STB-CF (HYG)] produced the tallest plant of 90.17 cm which was identical with T₃[PM + STB-CF (HYG)] and the lowest value was found in control. The 1000-grain weight followed the similar pattern but the tillers hill^-1, spike length and spikelets spike^-1 did not follow any definite trend. The treatment T₃[PM + STB-CF (HYG)] produced the highest grain yield of 4362 kg ha^-1 (90.4% increase over control) and straw yield of 5492 kg ha^-1 (84.79% increase over control). The lowest grain yield (2291 kg ha^-1) and straw yield (2972 kg ha^-1) were found in T₀ (Control). The NPKS uptake by wheat was markedly influenced by combined use of manures and fertilizers and the treatment T₃ demonstrated superior performance to other treatments. So the treatment T₃comprising poultry manure in combination with chemical fertilizers on IPNS basis was found to be the best combination of manures and fertilizers for obtaining the maximum yield and quality of wheat at BAU farm.

Keywords: Manures, Fertilizers, Wheat, Yield, Nutrient uptake

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2011

End Date: 00-03-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of integrated use of manures and fertilizers on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by wheat.

To find out the best combination of manures and fertilizers for obtaining the maximum yield and quality of wheat at BAU farm.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during during November 2011 to March 2012. The soil belongs to Sonatala series under the AEZ of the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain. The experimental soil was silt loam in texture having pH 6.94, organic matter 1.62%, total nitrogen 0.067%, available phosphorus 10.45 mg/kg, exchangeable K 0.08 me/100g soil, available sulphur 12.00 mg/kg and cataion exchange capacity 15.0 me/100 g soil. Kanchan, a high yielding variety of wheat was used in this experiment as test crop. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The experiment comprised of 6 treatments: T₀ (Control), T₁[STB-CF (HYG)], T₂[CD + STB-CF (HYG)], T₃[PM + STB-CF (HYG)], T₄[COM + STB-CF (HYG)], T₅[FP (Farmers practice)]. Here, STB = Soil Test Basis, CF = Chemical fertilizer, CD = Cowdung, PM = Poultry manure, COM=Compost, FP = Farmers’ practice, HYG = High yield goal. Well decomposed cowdung, compost, and poultry manure were applied to the plots as per the treatments by mixing with the soil well before 7 days of sowing. The amount of N, P, K, S and B required for each plot was calculated considering the fertilizer urea, TSP, MoP, Gypsum and boric acid, respectively. One third of urea, and the full amount of TSP, MoP, gypsum and boric acid were applied one day before transplanting. The rest of urea was applied in two equal splits one at maximum tillering stage (30 days after sowing) and the other at panicle initiation stage (90 days after sowing). Seeds of wheat were sown on 30 November 2011 @ 150 kg ha^-1 in lines and covered by soil with hand. The line to line distance was 20 cm and the depth of furrow was about 6 cm. A strip of wheat crop was established as border crops. Intercultural operations such as irrigation and weeding were applied as and when necessary. The crop was harvested at full maturity. Grain yield was recorded on 14% moisture basis and straw yield on sun dry basis. Five hills were randomly selected from each plot at maturity to record the yield contributing characters. Grain and straw samples were analyzed for NPKS consents following standard methods (Page et al., 1982). The NPKS uptake by grain and straw was calculated from their contents and yield data. All the data were statistically analyzed by F-test and the mean differences were ranked by DMRT at 5% level.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 73–78, 2014, ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The overall results indicate that the yield of wheat varied considerably among the treatments T₁, T₂, T₃, and T₄ although they received the same amount of nutrients but the sources of nutrients were different. Poultry manure in combination with chemical fertilizers (T₃) produced the highest grain and straw yield of wheat and it took superior position in all other parameters studied including yield components, NPKS uptake. Therefore, it can be concluded that poultry manure in combination with chemical fertilizers can be used successfully in an integrated way for the successful cultivation of wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal