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Crop Intensification in Northern Region of Bangladesh Through Up-scaling the Production of Short Duration Rice and Mungbean

Dr. M. Moynul Haque
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

M. Mamunur Rashid
Zhumka Bangladesh

Dr. M.G. Neogi
RANGPUR DINAJPUR RURAL SERVICE (RDRS), Bangladesh

Dr. Abdus Sobhan
Zhumka Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

High intensive four crops in sequence Aman (early) - potato or mustard - mungbean - Aus (early) was tested against farmers cropping pattern Aman (late) - potato - Boro (late) in northern region of Bangladesh to increase cropping intensity and system productivity with minimum use of ground water, to create job during joblessness time and to improve soil quality in upland ecosystem. While in central part, Boro - Aus (early) - Aman (early) was tested against farmers cropping pattern Boro - fallow - Aman to increase cropping intensity and productivity in rice based cropping system. The program was collaborative and operated by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service (RDRS) and Zhumka Bangladesh taking 500 farmers from eight northern and one central district. The study also included soil analysis of experimental fields and withdrawal of ground water for irrigating Boro rice of farmers cropping pattern. Results of two years study of alternative cropping pattern indicated that there is possibility to increase productivity, profitability and job opportunity during joblessness time in northern region in addition to reducing ground water withdrawal and minimizing nutrient use in crop cultivation. Results of soil analysis revealed that soil quality was not deteriorated by four crops in sequence and it was confirmed by sustaining crop yields over the two years period. Varietal difference in yield performance of short duration rice was very minimal (non-significant) and thus other short duration Aman rice varieties may also be incorporated for up-scaling program of the project. Up-scaling of four crops in sequence is increasing over time. Currently, more than 4000 farmers are following the cropping pattern with some exceptions in case of mungbean in sequence.

Keywords: Mungbean, Boro rice, Aman rice, Cropping intensity, Ground water

Location: Rangpur, Gaibandha, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, Dinajpur, Thakurgaon, Panchagarh and Tangail districts, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Farming System

Non-commodity: Up scalling

Objectives:

To increase cropping intensity and system productivity in upland ecosystem of northern Bangladesh
To minimize ground water use in rice cultivation
To improve soil quality and reduce cost of chemical fertilizer application, and
To improve knowledge and skill of the farmers and up-scaling of high intensive cropping pattern in the study area.

Methodology:

The project focused eight districts (Rangpur, Gaibandha, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, Dinajpur, Thakurgaon and Panchagarh) of northern Bangladesh and one from central districts (Tangail) taking 500 farmers for research and more than 2000 farmers for development through up-scaling the production of short duration rice and mungbean. In cropping system research, the alternative cropping pattern Aus (early) - Aman (early) - potato or mustard - mungbean (early) was tested against farmers cropping pattern Boro (late) - Aman (late) - potato in the northern region. In Tangail,Boro - Aus (early) - Aman (early) was tested against farmers cropping pattern Boro - Aman (late) - fallow. The designed cropping pattern was tested in one bigha of land of every farmer with recommended technologies of each crop. Another one bigha of land was used in component technology generation where benefit of mungbean residues and residual benefit of applied fertilizers (potato) to succeeding wet land rice was determined. For component technology generation, five treatments viz. 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended fertilizers of Aus and Aman rice were applied to quantify the fertilizers which might be saved from residual sources applied to potato. However, nitrogenous fertilizer was applied as general dose in all crops as it has no residual benefit. Besides, performance of all available short duration Aman rice varieties (BUdhan1, BINA dhan7, BRRI dhan33, BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan57 and IR64 sub-1) were evaluated to widen the choice of farmers in selecting short duration rice. Data gathered from component technology were analyzed using MSTAT package and means were compared using least significant difference test. Besides, water withdrawal for irrigating boro rice of farmers cropping pattern was estimated by counting the irrigation number, total time of irrigation and amount of water flow per unit time. Amount of water flow per unit time was measured by water flow meter. Amount of ground water saved by introducing short duration aus and mungbean of alternative cropping pattern instead of boro rice of farmers cropping pattern was calculated. Food energy produced by different crops of the sequence are calculated. Further, soil properties were assessed to observe the changes in soil quality due to intensive cropping system and incorporation of mungbean and potato biomass into soil. Cropping system research methodology was followed. Besides, others statistical tool such as minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation are used whenever necessary.

Source of Information: Project ID No.: C-2.11; Krishi Gobeshona Foundation (KGF)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Krishi Gobeshona Foundation

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results of two years research indicated that four crops in sequence in alternative cropping pattern increased 73.43% system yield (rice equivalent), 11.96% MK calorie food energy and 75.92% gross return over the three crops of farmers cropping pattern. Besides, the alternative cropping pattern saved 12.691 million liter ground water per hectare by introducing short duration mungbean and Aus instead of Boro of farmers cropping pattern. Consequently, it was possible to save 4315.83 KJ electric energy and it may be used in other developmental activities of the country. Residual benefit of phosphorus and potassium from well fertilized potato saved 190 kg TSP and 125 kg MoP ha^-1 without sacrificing the yields of two succeeding wet land Aus and Aman rice of the alternative cropping pattern. Harvesting of short duration Aman rice of alternative cropping pattern also created 82 labors ha^-1in severe joblessness time in the month of October. Results of varietal trial showed that yield difference of short duration rice was very minimal and thus other short duration Aman rice varieties may also be incorporated for up-scaling program of the project. The alternative cropping pattern was found remunerative as it was observed from adoption of more than 4000 farmers in up-scaling program during third year of the project. Similarly in Tangail, three crops in sequence of alternative cropping pattern showed much productive and economical than two crops sequence of farmers cropping pattern and adopting by neighboring farmers.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings