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Effect of Low Night Temperature on the Spikelet Deformity, Sterility and Yield of Rice

A. K. M. R. Amin
Associate Professor
Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka.

N. Islam
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

S.M.A. Hossain
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

A. R. Sarkar
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

M. A. Razzaque
Member - Director
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2000-01. Boro season to evaluate the performance of rice under low night temperature treatments imposed at flower initiation to flowering. Low night temperatures (116⁰ and 18⁰) over varieties, BRRI dhan29 and Sonarbangla1, promoted sterility from 27.24-33.19% by decreasing seed yield from 4.94 to 12.47% compared to that grown under natural condition. Several forms of both hyperplasia and hypoplasia of the reproductive organs of rice spikelets e.g. swollen anthers, elongated and spiral stigma, ballon-shaped stigma, bi-lobed spikelets, deformed glumes, lemma, palea and kernels were identified in both the varieties when low temperature conditions were imposed during night periods.

Keywords: Boro rice, Spikelet, Sterility, Low night temperature, Transplanting.

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 01-01-1999

End Date: 31-12-2000

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To evaluate the deformities of spikelets and the yield performance and spikelets sterility of Boro rice under low night temperature conditions.

Methodology:

The pot experiment was conducted in the net house and growth chamber of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 1999-2000 Boro season. The soil belongs to Sonatola soil series of Non-calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain Soil. The soil is silt loam with low organic matter content and slightly acidic in reaction. Two high yielding varieties viz. BRRI dhan29 and Sonarbangla1, popularly being cultivated in the country were involved to study the morphological disorders under two controlled low night temperature conditions viz. 16⁰ and 18⁰ and also in normal atmospheric condition (more than 18⁰ temperature). The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design. Six treatments combinations (2×3) were replicated 10 times to accommodate extra plant sampling programme for studying spikelets deformities in addition to allowing 5 replications for statistical analysis of yield and yield components. All pots with rice seedling were first placed in the net house at normal atmospheric condition. At the time of pinnacle initiation, ten pots of each variety were transferred to the growth chambers to impose 16⁰ and 18⁰ cold stresses at night. Remaining ten pots of each variety experienced normal atmospheric temperature conditions until maturity. When flowering stage was over, pots from the cold chambers were transferred back to the normal atmospheric condition.After pinnacle initiation, both the external and internal organs of the spikelets were thoroughly examined by dissecting them with scalpel under a Sterio-Microscope. The abnormal spikelets were then fixed in Formaline-Acetic Acid –Alcohol (FAA) solution and then magnified photographs and Sterio-Microscopic photographs of those abnormal spike structures were taken Plants form four hills pot^-1 were used for assessing yield and yield components. At maturity yield and yield components were assessed from the plants collected from each pot with special attention given to assessing % sterility and seed yield. The data were analyzed following the ANOVA Technique and means were adjusted with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Zaman et al., 1992).

Source of Information: SAARC JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2007, pp. 43-52, ISSN 1682-8348, SAARC Agricultural Information Centre.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

BRRI dhan29 and Sonarbangla1, promoted sterility from 27.24-33.19% by decreasing seed yield from 4.94 to 12.47% compared to that grown under natural condition. Several forms of both hyperplasia and hypoplasia of the reproductive organs of rice spikelets e.g. swollen anthers, elongated and spiral stigma, ballon-shaped stigma, bi-lobed spikelets, deformed glumes, lemma, palea and kernels were identified in both the varieties when low temperature conditions were imposed during night periods.

Knowledge Management: Journal