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Effect of Salinity on Germination, Growth and Yield of Radish (raphanus Sativus L.) Varieties

Paromita Ghosh
Agrotechnology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Prosanta Kumar Dash*
Agrotechnology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Rituraj Sarker
Agricultural Extension Officer (AEO), DAE, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Mannan
Agrotechnology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The laboratory and pot experiments were conducted at Molecular Horticulture Lab and Germplasm Centre, Khulna University, Khulna during December 2012 to March 2013 to assess the effect of salinity on germination parameters, growth and yield contributing characters of three radish varieties viz. V₁ = Tasakisan Mula-1 (BARI Mula-1), V₂ = Druti (BARI Mula-3) and V₃ = Red Bombay. Four salinity levels control (0.66 dS m^-1), 4, 8 and 12 dS m^-1 respectively were used as treatment in the experiments. The experiments were laid out in a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Germination test was done in the laboratory following pertidish method. There was wide variation in germination parameters and growth parameters among the varieties due to different level of salt applications. In all the germination and growth parameters Tasakisan Mula-1 (BARI Mula-1) was found superior. Red Bombay was inferior regarding germination and growth parameters. Number of leaf per plant, leaf fresh weight (g), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), leaf dry weight (g), root fresh weight (g), root dry weight (g), root length (cm), root diameter (cm) and yield (g/plant) progressively decreased with the increasing salinity level as compared to control. Tasakisan Mula-1 (BARI Mula-1) showed better performance in the above mentioned morphological parameters and yield attributes. Druti (BARI Mula-3) was found intermediate. Red Bombay showed the lower value of those parameters. Among the varieties Tasakisan Mula-1 (BARI Mula-1) was the best tolerant to salinity at 12 dS m-1 followed by Druti (BARI Mula-3) at final harvest. Considering all the parameters observed in the experiment Tasakisan Mula-1 (BARI Mula-1) was found the best.

Keywords: Germplasm, Salinity, Germination, Variety, Treatment.

Location: Molecular Horticulture Lab. Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna

Start Date: 00-12-2012

End Date: 00-03-2013

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Soil salinity, Radish

Objectives:

To observe the effect of salinity on germination of radish seed.
To assess the effect of salinity on the growth and yield contributing characters of radish varieties

Methodology:

The study was undertaken during Rabi season from December 2012 to March 2013 to evaluate the effect of salinity on germination, growth, yield and yield attributing characters of radish. Effect of different salinity levels on radish seed germination Experimental site: The research work was conducted at the Molecular Horticulture Lab. Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna during December 2012 to March 2013. Treatments: There are two factorsFactor A: salinity levels- 4 (S0 = Control (0.66 dS m^-1, S₁ = 4 dS m^-1, S₂ = 8 dS m^-1, S₃ = 12 dS m^-1) and Factor B: radish varieties- 3 (V₁ = Tasakisan Mula-1, V₂ = Druti, V₃ = Red Bombay (Local variety). Experimental design: The experiment was laid out in a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications.Total number of petridishes = 3 (varieties) × 4 (salinity) × 3 (replication) = 36. Preparation of the solutions: Different concentrations of salt ( 0.66 dS m-1 , 4 dS m-1 , 8 dS m-1 and 12 dS m-1) were used in the study. Required amount of common salt (NaCl) was estimated using the following formula and added to distilled water to make the required solution of NaCl. Percent of salt = 0.064 × EC (dS m^-1). To make 4 dS m-1 salt solution 1.9 g sodium chloride (NaCl) was taken in a 1000 ml volumetric flask and filled up to the mark with distilled water. Then 8 dS m-1 and 12 dS m^-1 salt solutions were prepared in the same way by taking 3.8 g L^-1 and 5.7 g L^-1 NaCl, respectively. Germination test: The germination test was conducted using petridish method. Two pieces of blotting papers (soaked with distilled water and saline solutions) were used in each petridish as substrate. Twenty five seeds for each variety were placed in each petridish at an equal distance from one another. Each treatment was replicated three times. The solutions were used for germination of seeds and distilled water was used in control. The petridishes were observed every day and respective solutions were supplied whenever required. Data collection: Germination parameters The petridishes were observed every day and the numbers of germinated seeds were recorded. The germination percentage was calculated using the following formula-Germination (%) = Number of seeds germinated/Total number of seeds placed in petridish x 100. Germination capacity = Percentage of seeds germinated at 168 h (Bam et al., 2006). Speed of germination (%) = Number of seeds germinated at 72 h/Number of seeds germinated at 168 h X 100. Soil: The soil used in pots was collected from the garden of Germplasm Centre of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna. After collecting the soil it was sun dried and ground well. Then the soil debris was removed by sieving and the soil was put into earthen pot after mixing with manure and fertilizer. Planting materials: Three varieties of radish (Raphanus sativus. L) seeds were used as the planting material in the experiment. They were Tasakisan Mula-1 (BARI Mula-1), Druti (BARI Mula-3) and Red Bombay (Local variety) and denoted as V₁, V₂, V₃, respectively. Treatments: The experiment was designed to study the effect of growth, yield and yield attributes of radish. Thus the experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: salt solutions-4 (S₀ = Control (0.66 dS m^-1, S₁ = 4 dS m^-1, S₂ = 8 dS m^-1, S₃ = 12 dS m^-1) and Factor B: radish varieties-3 (V₁ = Tasakisan Mula-1, V₂ = Druti and V₃ = Red Bombay (Local variety). Data collection: The data were collected from 36 randomly selected pot of plants tagged at the different stage of growth. Data on the following parameters were collected from the sample plants during the experimentations. For data collection at different growth stages, three (3) plants were selected from each treatment. To ensure growth, one harvest was done at 90 DAS. At final harvest, the sampled plants were kept into paper bag and carried out to the laboratory. The plant parts were separated into shoots, roots and leaves and their fresh and dry weight were taken. The separated different parts were dried at 70⁰ C for 48 hours prior to recording the dry weight. The following data were collected by three plants from each treatment. The data were collected on the following parameters: number of leaves, Weight of fresh leaves, Length of leave, Width of the leaves, Weight of dry leaves, Weight of fresh roots, Length of root, Diameter of root, Weight of dry roots and Yield. Statistical analysis: All the data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques using F test. The differences between the treatment means were determined by using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 1% and 5% level of significance. Functional relationships between salt concentration and yield, number of leaf per plant and yield, root length and yield, leaf fresh weight and yield were developed using simple linear regression analysis.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 37-48, 2014, ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online), http://www.innspub.net

Article Link (Online Journal): http://innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/IJB-V5No1-p37-48.pdf

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The germination percentage was differed significantly among the varieties. The range of germination percentage was 82.33 to 86.33 %. The highest germination percentage (86.33%) was observed in Tasakisan Mula-1 which was statistically similar to Druti (85.00%). The improved variety Red Bombay was inferior to Tasakisan Mula-1 and Druti whose germination percentage was 82.33%. There was significant variation in germination percentage from different salinity levels. The highest germination percentage (95.55%) was found at control (0.66 dS m^-1 ) while 12 dS m^-1 treatment gave the lowest (72.88%) results. Jeannette et al. (2002) reported seed germination is not significantly affected up to 16.3 dS m^-1, but is severely inhibited when salinity increased to 22 dS m^-1. Demir and Arif (2003) also demonstrated that the suppression of germination at high levels might be mainly due to osmotic stress and salinity also decreased germination percentage.

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