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Sustainable Water Management for Irrigation Development Using Surface Water and Groundwater Interaction Model: Case Study for Chalan Beel Area

Md. Jakir Hossain*
Irrigation Management Division, Institute of Water Modelling (IWM), Dhaka-1206 Bangladesh,

Sabina Sadek
Irrigation Management Division, Institute of Water Modelling (IWM), Dhaka-1206 Bangladesh,

Sardar M Shah-Newaz
Irrigation Management Division, Institute of Water Modelling (IWM), Dhaka-1206 Bangladesh,

Dr. AFM Afzal Hossain
Irrigation Management Division, Institute of Water Modelling (IWM), Dhaka-1206 Bangladesh,

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

It is the Policy of the Government to increase agricultural production by bringing potential area under irrigation through conjunctive use of water applying mathematical modelling technologies, wherever justified. This paper highlights the application of mathematical model in Chalan Beel area to ensure sustainable use of water for agricultural development through better irrigation management. In the past, the projects in the area have been implemented in piecemeal manner without taking any proper assessment of their interactions resulting in various flood and irrigation related problms. In this backdrop, a comprehensive study based on mathematical model was undertaken with the objectives of assessment of water availability and potential for future use, irrigation zoning, removal of flood and drainage congestion and project impact assessment. The models developed based on MIKE-11 for surfacewater and MIKE-SHE for groundwater. The models were integrated and simulated dynamically for various options. Impacts in terms of water availability, fluctuation of groundwater tables, functionality of suction mode pumps, safe yield, extent of irrigation coverage, extent of drainage congestion etc. have been evaluated. Based on the most feasible option, irrigation zoning plan showing the area suitable for different mode of irrigation technologies have been prepared. The areas where groundwater table would go below the suction limit have been identified and remedial measures suggested. It is expected, if the recommendations are implemented, irrigation coverage would increase significantly and sustainability of water resources would be ensured.

Keywords: Irrigation zoning and management, Mathematical model, Conjunctive use

Location: Chalan Beel area

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

A comprehensive study based on mathematical modelling technique was undertaken with the objectives of assessment of water availability and potential for future use, zoning of areas suitable for different mode of irrigation technologies and impact assessment of irrigation development and flood management options.

Methodology:

Data Collection and Processing: A significant amount of data that have been collected to fulfil the requirement of the study activities include rainfall, evaporation, groundwater level, river water level and discharge, aquifer test and bore logs, seepage and percolation. These data were thoroughly checked following the IWM’s standard quality checking procedure. Details on the methodology adopted for quality checking can be found in IWM Data Processing Manual (IWM, 2004).

Assessment of Water Requirement:The total water requirement for the study area is the sum of the water requirement for irrigation, domestic and municipal water use. Upazila wise irrigation water requirement is estimated based on the present crop coverage within the Upazila while domestic & municipal water requirement is estimated based on the present and future projected population of the Upazila and per capita water demand as suggested in NWMP (WARPO, 2004). Irrigation water requirement has been estimated for the major crops with staggered plantation. The idea is to find the optimal planting time when water requirement is minimum. Potential evapotranspiration has been calculated using Penman-Montieth method. Effective monthly rainfall has been taken as the 80% of monthly total rainfall. Percolation rate has been taken from field measurements, which varies from 2 mm/day to 4 mm/day. The maximum unit scheme water requirement corresponding to critical month for each crop is computed with an overall efficiency of 90% as most of irrigation in the study area is based on groundwater through irrigation wells of small scheme, mostly of 2.0 cusec capacity. The CROPWAT version 5.7 of FAO has been used to compute irrigation water requirement.

Development of Models: The main purpose of model study is to assess and evaluate the overall water resources of the study area with the view to bring potential areas under irrigation coverage for increasing agricultural production through optimum utilization of available water resources. To assess the water resources availability in the study area, integrated MIKE 11-MIKE SHE modelling system has been adopted. The modelling system is physically based and distributed and capable of addressing the land water ecosystem in an integrated manner. The model enables better understanding of the river-aquifer interaction, as well as, providing a tool that can be used to manage the water resources in the best possible way considering the relative contribution of the components on the water balance in the area. The models developed are based on MIKE-11 for surface water model and MIKE-SHE for groundwater model. Both the models have been coupled and run dynamically.

Source of Information: 2nd International Conference on Water & Flood Management (ICWFM-2009), BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The following conclusions are made based on the study outcomes:

The proposed irrigation expansions from both surface and groundwater need to be evaluated from social, environmental and economic perspective.

For groundwater development, optimum number of irrigation wells and the appropriate spacing among the irrigation wells need to be determined.
Since groundwater is being used extensively for agriculture and is likely to continue in future, its impact on the environment, particularly on the groundwater table, needs to be properly and adequately monitored.
Surface water for supplementary irrigation is to be encouraged that would reduce the stress on groundwater irrigation during dry period.
Crop diversification in the dry period is to be encouraged where groundwater potential is in marginal state.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings