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Prevalence of Ectoparasites in Goat at Gazipur in Bangladesh

S A Rony
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M M H Mondal
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M A Islam
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

N Begum
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To determine the prevalence of ectoparasitic infestation in goat at Gazipur district in Bangladesh, an epidemiological study was carried out during the period from November 2008 to October 2009. Among 165 Black Bengal goats examined, 114(69.09%) were found to be infested with several species of ticks, lice and flea. The prevalence rate was highest in Boophilusmicroplus (45.45%) followed by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (31.51%), Linognathus vituli (25.45%), Heamaphysalisbispinosa (20%), Haematopinus eurysternus (15.75%), Damalinia caprae (8.48%) and Ctenocephalides canis (4.84%). In this study, prevalence of ectoparasitic infestation in relation to age, sex, nutritional condition and rearing systems of animals and seasons of the year, were also observed. Young goats aged ≤ 6 months (75.86%) were more susceptible than adults aged > 6-24 months (65.51%) and older goats > 24 months (59.32%). In female, prevalence was recorded significantly (p < 0.05) higher than male. Animal with poor health was found to be significantly more vulnerable to such parasitic infestation than normal healthy animals. Prevalence of ectoparasites was significantly (p<0.05) higher in animals,reared under free-range system than that of semi-intensive system. Prevalence was highest (p<0.05) in the summer (81.35%) followed by winter (62.96%) and rainy season (59.26%). Mean parasitic burden was 1.60±0.12 per square inches of heavily infected area in goats. The present study showed that ectoparasitic species were abundant and prevalence and density of infection was very high that deserves immediate intervention measures to reduce the risk of transmission

Keywords: Prevalence, Ecto-parasite, Gazipur, Goat

Location: Bhawal forest area in Gazipur district.

Start Date: 00-11-2008

End Date: 00-10-2009

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To contribute to knowledge of the distribution of the most common goat ectoparasites fauna by performing epidemiological investigation in this area.

Methodology:

The present research was conducted in goats of Bhawal forest area in Gazipur district which is located 40km north to Dhaka city. Morphological study for identification of species of ectoparasites was conducted in the Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh and Statistical analysis of epidemiological data were done through the Department of Agricultural Statistic, BAU, Mymensingh. The investigation was carried out during the period from November 2008 to October 2009. Two steps cluster sampling was performed for this study. Five villages from in and around Bhawal forest were selected randomly followed by 10-11 house hold from each of the village selected, from each household 1- 2 goats were examined for ectoparasites. The investigation was carried out in three visits on three seasons (Summer: March- June; Rainy: July-October and Winter: November-February). Total one hundred and sixty five (165) goats were selected randomly from different parts in and around the Bhawal forest area in Gazipur district for the convenience of the study and availability of the goats.

The selected goats were thoroughly investigated by close inspection, parting the hairs against their natural direction for the detection of ectoparasites. After that, a thorough epidemiological investigation was performed using a semi-structured questionnaire including the animal level variables as age, sex, health status and rearing system. Age was determined by asking the owner and farm attendant and by visual inspection and also by dentition whenever possible. Animals were categorized based on age as young ( ≤ 6 months), adult (>6 months to 24 months) and old (>24 months). Ectoparasites were collected from the different parts of the body of the individual goat by hand picking. When required, small hairbrush dipped in ethanol was used for the collection of ticks. The point of attachment was smeared with ethanol. Adequate precautions were taken to preserve the mouthparts and appendages of the ectoparasites during collection. Ectoparasites were preserved in 70% alcohol in clean, well-stopper glass vials which were labeled properly. Morphology of ectoparasites was studied in the laboratory with the help of dissecting (4X) and compound (10X) microscope. Statistical analyses were carried out by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5 for Windows using F test. In addition to F test, Odds ratio was calculated according to the formula given by Schlesselman.

Source of Information: Int. J. BioRes . 2 (9): 19-24, September, 2010

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.academia.edu/3602507/Prevalence_of_Ectoparasites_in_Goat_at_Gazipur_in_Bangladesh

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Result revealed that 69.09% of goats in the study area were found to be infested with several species of ticks, lice and flea. This study quantifies the level of ectoparasitic infestation in goats which demands immediate control program and more intensive epidemiological study for detail identification of the constraints of goat health and production and will seek for remedies. The chances of transmission of arthropod borne pathogens to farmers and animal handlers are high, raising high questions of zoonoses. The veterinary personnel at the district level and the veterinary technicians at the grassroots level need to be mobilized to implement mass treatment programs for urgent action which need to be repeated regularly with simultaneous awareness creation to the owners.

Knowledge Management: Journal