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Stress-adaptive Traits in Wheat: Rate of Chlorophyll and Nitrogen Attenuation Under High Temperature

M. Zohurul Haque
Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

M. Mahmudul Hasan
Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

M. Mizanur Rahman Rajib
Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

M. Mainul Hasan
Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

M. Mehedi Hasan Sikder
Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at Agricultural Farm and Central Lab. of Patuakhali Science and Technology University and Soil Resources Developmental Institute (SRDI) Lab. Barisal, Bangladesh during November 2007 to April 2008. The study was done to determine the heat tolerant mechanism of eight selected genotypes of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess the relationship between the heat stability and loss of chlorophyll as well as nitrogen. Assessment was done on chlorophyll and nitrogen content in flag leaf and only nitrogen content in grain of wheat from heading to maturity. A strong negative correlation between heat-induction on chlorophyll and nitrogen content was observed. Chlorophyll attenuation rate of flag leaf and nitrogen remobilization to grain at post-anthesis stage were recorded. The genotypes with high chlorophyll and nitrogen retention in flag leaf and sowing condition, revealed good tolerance to high temperature stressed condition.

Keywords: Wheat, Genotypes, Chlorophyll, Nitrogen, Heat tolerance

Location: Agricultural Farm and Central Lab. of Patuakhali Science and Technology University and Soil Resources Developmental Institute (SRDI) Lab. Barisal, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 01-11-2007

End Date: 30-04-2008

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To identify heat tolerant wheat genotypes based on the flag leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen retention and flag leaf nitrogen remobilization rate to grain during high temperature stressed condition.

Methodology:

A field experiment was conducted with eight genotypes of wheat viz. Agrani, CB 30, Kanchan, CB 69, Sonora, CB 24, CB 34 and Protiva and two seeding time viz. SI- Optimum sowing time (30 Nov., 2007) and S2= Late sowing time (30 Dec., 2007) in a split-plot design with three replication to identify heat tolerant (HT) and heat sensitive (HS) genotypes. Flag leaf and grain nitrogen was determined by collecting flag leaf samples in every 7 days interval beginning from heading and grain samples in every 10 days interval starting from 10 days after anthesis (DAA). Samples were oven dried at 70⁰C for 72 hours. The dried samples were ground and analyzed to determine the nitrogen content of the flag leaf and grain by Micro-Kjedhal method (Black et al., 1979). Flag leaf chlorophyll was determined from five flag leaves which were taken randomly per plot at every fifth day beginning from heading stage. Chlorophyll was determined on fresh weight basis extracting with 80% acetone by using double bean spectrophotometer according to Witham et al. (1986). The genotypes were exposed high temperature by late sowing. Among the above test, the genotypes which performed better were considered as heat tolerant (HT) and the genotypes which performed lower were considered as heat sensitive (HS) genotypes. Analysis of variance for different characters were done by using MSTAT-C statistical program. The treatment means were compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance (Gomez & Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: SAARC JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE Vol. 8,Issue 1, 2010, pp. 10-20, ISSN 1682-8348, SAARC Agricultural Information Centre.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present investigation, Chlorophyll reduction was significantly lower at heading stage and then it was increased gradually and reached to the peak at 20 to 25 DAA. In every stages chlorophyll retention ability was significantly higher in Agrani, CB 30, Kanchan, CB 69, Sonora, CB 24, CB 34 and Protiva genotypes and were grouped as heat tolerant and heat sensitive, respectively. Significantly higher grain nitrogen was observed in HS genotypes than HT genotypes. The reverse case is true in case of flag leaf nitrogen. In HS genotypes, the rapid onset of senescence of flag leaf was the result of higher chlorophyll decreasing rate. Photosynthetic activity was ceased earlier in HS genotypes than HT genotypes. The result revealed that the marked increase in grain nitrogen and marked reduction of flag leaf nitrogen as well as flag leaf chlorophyll in HS genotypes indicate the possibility of more utilization of flag leaf nitrogen to meet the rapid demand of grain nitrogen in HS genotypes. In fine, it was concluded that higher chlorophyll and nitrogen retention in flag leaf, slowly increasing grain nitrogen may be a useful trait of heat tolerant wheat genotypes which could be used by the breeders to innovate heat tolerant wheat genotypes.

Knowledge Management: Journal