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Effect of Npk on Growth and Yield of Broccoli in Southeastern Hilly Areas of Bangladesh

M. Moniruzzaman
SSO (Horticulture)
Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, Chandraghona-4531, Rangamati Hill District.

S.M.M. Rahman
SSO (Horticulture)
Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, Chandraghona-4531, Rangamati Hill District.

M.R. Islam
Scientific Officer (Soil Science)
Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, Chandraghona-4531, Rangamati Hill District.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment on broccoli (cv. Green Sprouting) having five levels of N (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg Nha-¹), four levels of P (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1) and four levels of K (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg K₂O ha^-1) along with a blanket dose of 20 kg S, 1.5 kg B, 5 kg Zn, 1 kg Mo and 10 tha^-1 cowdung was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, Rangamati Hill District during the rabi seasons of 2001-02 and 2002-03 to find out the optimum fertilizer doses for higher yield. There were altogether 12 treatments replicated three times. Plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf size, head diameter and head yield were significantly influenced by the different levels of NPK nutrients. Higher head yield (23.30 tha^-1) was obtained with N₂₄₀P₁₀₀K.8o kg ha^-1treatment, which was statistically at par with N₁₈₀P₁₀₀K₈₀ kg ha^-1 treatment. The N₂₄₀P₁₀₀K.8o kg ha^-1treatment gave the maximum gross margin (Tk. 342.00 thousand ha^-1) closely followed by N₁₈₀P₁₀₀K₈₀ kg ha^-1 treatment (Tk. 340.68 thousand ha^-1) that produced the highest MRR (10,938%). Thus combination of 180 kg N, 100 kg P₂O₅ and 80 kg K₂O ha^?1 along with a blanket dose of 20:1.5:5:1:10,000 kg S:B:Zn:Mo:cowdung ha^-1 might be the profitable fertilizer dose for yield maximization of broccoli in southeastern hilly region (AEZ-29) of Bangladesh. Response curves indicated 290.8:99.0:74.3 kg N: P₂O₅:K₂O ha^-1 and 268.4:78.1:67.3 kg N:P₂O₅:K₂O ha-¹ as an optimum and economic dose, respectively for satisfactory yield of this crop.

Keywords: Yield, Broccoli, Southeastern, Hilly Areas.

Location: Agricultural Research Station Raikhali, Rangamati Hill District, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2001

End Date: 00-00-2003

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Broccoli

Objectives:

To find out the suitable combination of NPK in order to obtain satisfactory yield of broccoli in the southeastern hilly areas of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, Rangamati Hill district during the rabi seasons of 2001-02 and 2002-03 using broccoli var, Green Sprouting (Hybrid). The experimental plot was situated in the hill valley. Particle size was determined by hydrometer method and other characteristics were determined by hydrometer method and other characteristics were determined by Agro Services International (ASI) method. There were altogether 12 treatment combinations consisting of five levels of nitrogen (0, 60,120,180 and 240 kg Nha^-1 from urea), four levels of phosphorous (0, 50,100 and 150 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 from TSP) and four levels of potassium (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg K₂O ha^-1 from MP). A blanket dose of sulphur (20 kg ha^-1 from gypsum), boron (1.5 kg ha^-1from boric acid), zinc (5.0 kg ha-¹ from zinc sulphate), molybdenum (1.0 kgha^-1 from sodium molybdate) and cowdung (10 tha^-1) were applied. The entire amount of cowdung, phosphorous, sulphur, boron, molybdenum and one third of nitrogen and half of potassium were applied in row at final land preparation and zinc was also applied in row after half an hour. The remaining two thirds of urea and full dose of MP were applied in two equal installments at 21 and 40 days after transplanting and head formation and remaining half of K was applied after 30 days of transplanting. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. Seedlings of thirty days old were transplanted on 15 November 2001 and 10 November 2002 at a spacing of 60 x 50 cm after 7 days of fertilization. The unit plot size was 4 x 2.4 m. Irrigation was done by boarder method. For proper seedling establishment water was given for seven days after transplanting by water can. Other cultural practices were adopted as per recommendation given in the package of practices. The data on plant height, number of leaves per plant, size of the biggest leaf were recorded from 10 plants of the plot and reported treatment wise. Eight harvesting of terminal head including secondary heads were taken and marketable head yield was recorded at each harvest per plot. Data on head diameter and marketable head weight per plant (terminal head + lateral heads) were recorded from 10 plants per plant. The crops were first harvested on 14 December 2001 and 11 December 2002 in 2001-02 and 2002-03, respectively. The data were analyzed through MSTAT Programme and the treatment means were separated by DMRT at 5% level of probability. Economic evaluation of different fertilizer combinations was obtained through dominance analysis followed by marginal analysis of the cost undominated treatments as suggested. Gross return and variable cost were calculated considering the following rate: Broccoli Tk. 15.00 kg^-1, urea, Tk. 6.00 kg^-1, TSP Tk. 13.35 kg^-1 and MP Tk. 10.00 kg^-1. MRR= (MGM/MVC)X100. where, MGM= Marginal gross margin MVC= Marginal variable cost.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, Vol: 31(1&2), pp: 19-25, 2006, ISSN: 0253-5408

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Funding Source:

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Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The soil under study was highly deficient in N and moderately deficient in P and K Maximum head diameter, Head weight plant^-1, head yield ha^-1 gross return and gross margin were obtained from the combination of 240: 100: 80: kg N: P₂O₅:K₂O ha^-1, but maximum MRR was found from 180: 100: 80: N: P₂O₅:K₂O ha^-1..The response equations indicated and optimum and economic dose of N: P₂O₅:K₂O as 290:.8: 99:74.3 kg ha^-1 and 268.4: 78.1:67.3 kg ha^-1, respectively for satisfactory broccoli production in the Brown Hill Soil of Rangamati.

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