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Water Use, Yield and Yield Component of Wheat Under Irrigation and Nitrogen Application in Terrace Soil of Bangladesh

M.A. Rahman
Wheat Research Centre , Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute, Dinajpur

A . J . M S. Karim2
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

A. R. M. Solaiman

M. M. Haque

K. M. Saifuddin

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted on Shallow Red Brown Terrace soil of Madhupur tract of Bangladesh in the rabi season (October to March) of 1997-98 to find out the optimum scheduling of irrigation and nitrogen (N) requirement for maximum yield of wheat (cv. Protiva) and water use of wheat. The experiment comprised of five levels of irrigation (10-no irrigation, 11-one irrigation at CRI; 12-two irrigation, one at CRI and another at booting; 13-two irrigation, one at CRI and another at early grain filling; 14-three irrigation, at CRI, booting and early grain filling stage) and four rates of nitrogen (0, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1). A positive interaction between irrigation water and nitrogen rates on grain yield of wheat was observed. The treatment having three irrigation with N applicaton at the rate of 120 kg/ha gave the highest yield of 4.94 t/ha by using 206 mm of wc::ter was considered to be the optimum levels of irrigation and N in this soil. The grain yield under both irrigated and non-irrigated condition was increased by increasing rate of N up to 120 kg/ha. The yield was increased under higher irrigation level may be due to increased number of grains/spike and 1000 grain weight. On the other hand, the yield increase under higher N rate was attributed from increased spikes/m2 and grains/spike. Water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat was gradually decreased with the increasing irrigation level but it was increased with the increasing N rate up to 120 kg/ha.

Keywords: Wheat , Irrigation, Nitrogen, Yield , Water use

Location: Madhupur, Tangail

Start Date: 11-10-1997

End Date: 23-03-1998

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

To determine optimum irrigation scheduling and N requirement of wheat for maximum yield, (2) to study the effect of irrigation and nitrogen on yield components and evaluate the water use efficiency of wheat in Shallow Red Brown Terrace soil of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was laid-out in split-plot design with three replications. A high yielding variety of wheat named Protiva was used as the test crop. The five irrigation treatments arranged in main plots were as follows. One irrigation at crown root initiation (CRI) stage i.e. 23 Days after sowing (DAS,: Two irrigation, one at CRI (23 DAS) and another at booting (60 DAS) stage,Two irrigation, one at CRI and other at early grain filling (80 DAS) stage, Three irrigation , at CRI, booting and early grain filling stage. The four nitrogen treatments arranged in the sub-plots were as follows: NO : No application of N, N1 : Application of N at 80 kg ha-1 N2 :Application of N at 120 kg ha-1 N3 :Application of N at 160 kg ha-1. Soil moisture (SM) was determined gravimetrically treatment wise regularly at 10 days interval in three split of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 em depth from sowing to harvest. Irrigation water was applied as per prescribed treatments to bring the soil moisture up to field capacity (FC). Total water use of the crop (consumptive use) was computed by adding the irrig;"Jti n water. effective rainfall received during the cropping seaso:. and the contribution of moisture from soil. At maturity (117 DAS) five lines at random of 1 meter length from each plot were harvested for computation of grain yield which was converted to Uha at sun dried (approx. 12%) moisture content. Ten hills from each plot were also up-rooted to record some agronomic characters and yield component of wheat as · Plant height, number of productive tillers/plant, spike length. spikelet/spike, 1000 grain weight and grains/spike. Recorded data on different parameters were subjected to statistical analysis.

Source of Information: Ann . Bangladesh Agric. I0 (2): 149-163 , :2000

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Total water use (TWU) of wheat and its components as influenced by different irrigation and N treatments. Water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat in terms of grain yield per unit area per unit of water used was varied significantly with the variation of irrigation and N levels WUE was maximum under 10 that was statistically similar to 11 . WUE was gradually decreased with increasing irrigation level, but the values increased with increasing N rate up to 120 kg/ha. Interference of rainfall at the early stage of the crop has facilitated in increasing yield even under minimum irrigation level that has led to higher WUE of wheat under minimum irrigation as compared to higher irrigation level. In Salna soil of Modhupur clay, a positive interaction of irrigation and N application on yield of wheat was found . The treatment three irrigation at CRI, booting and early grain filling stages along with the application of N at 120 kg/ha (I₄N₂₎ gave the highest yield of 4.94 t/ha. Irrigation requirement and TWU was 124 and 206 mm, respectively under the same treatment. Thus the treatment I₄N₂ may be considered as the best combination of irrigation and nitrogen for sustainable wheat cultivation at BSMRAU farm soil of Salna series .

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