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Effects of Herbicides on Weed Control, Crop Yield and Soil, Environment in Transplanted Aus Rice

M N Bari
Department of Agronomy. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

B Tapader
Department of Agronomy. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

G J U Abmed
Agronomy Divis1on , Bangladesh Rice Research lnstitute, Gazipur

M A Karim
Department of Agronomy. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

A R M Solaiman
Soil Science. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agncultural University. Gazipur 1706

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Weed control efficiency, crop yield and soil emvironment under four herbicide treatments, i.e. Rifit 250EC, Ronstar 25EC, Setoff 20WG. Butachlor 5G at recommended doses, in comparison to weed free, recommended weeding and control (unweeded) condition were studied in an experiment arranged in RCBD with four replications in BR26 transplanted aus rice at the BSMRAU experimental farm during May- September 200I. Applocation of Butachlor preemergence showed the highest weed control efficiency as. a result of lowest weed infestation in terms of weed density and weed biomass in the treated plots compared to other herbicidal weed control treatments. Weed free condition contributed to the highest grain yield of 4.47 t/ha . Butachlor application contributed to the second highest gram yield of 4.19 t/ha, howc> a, statistically Identical to weed tree treatment as well as superior to other treatments. In terms of profitability of rice production herbicidal treatments showed higher BCR than conventional weed control treatments. Butachlor application resulted the highest BCR ( 1.22) over all other treatments. Herbicide application appeared to exent prolonged residual activity in soil attributing to lower microbial population in terms of biomass carbon as well as organic matter content in soil compared to conventional weed control treatments as observed through this study. Butachlor appeared as a viable alternati ve to conventional weed control practices. However. effects on soil environment also appeared as a concern regarding herbicide application in rice.

Keywords: Herbicide, Weed control efficiency, Rice yield, Soil Environmcnt

Location: Gazipur

Start Date: 04-05-2001

End Date: 23-09-2001

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

To evaluate commonly available herbicides in transplanted aus rice in terms of weed control efficiency, crop yield and soil environment.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the BSMRAU , Gazipur under wetland condition during May to September 200I . BR26, a modem rice variety was used as test crop in the experiment. The experiment was laid down in RCBD with four replications. The size of the unit plot was 5mX4m. Plot to plot distance was 0.75m and block to block distance was 1m. During the final land preparation cow dung @ 10 t/ha was added . Besides, N,P,K,S and Zn were applied @ 60, 22, 30, 9, and 5 kg/ha, respectively. Thirty days old rice seedlings were transplanted on 5 May 200I with one seedling in each hill keeping 25X 15cm spacing. Seven weed control treatments as mentioned below were imposed at 7 days after transplanting (OAT): T_l = Rifit (Pretilachlor) 500EC @ I 1/ha T₂= Ronstar (Oxadiazone) 25EC @ 2 1/ha T₃ Setoff (Sinosulfuron) 25WG 0.1 kg/ha T₄ = But achlor (Butachlor) 5G @ 2 kg/ha, T₅= Weed free (crop was kept weed free up to first flowering), T₆ = Recommended weeding (weedings were done at 20, 35, and 55 DAT), T₇ = Control (unweeded). Data recorded for different parameter s were put to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: Ann Bangladesh Agric (]008)12(2): 77-85

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Weed infestation in terms of both weed density and weed biomass varied considerably among the weed control treatment s. Weed density, in general, was the highest at 60 OAT in all the treatments. Among the treatments, the highest density throughout the monitoring period was observed in the control treatment, and the least was in weed free treatment. Apart from these two treatment s, higher weed density was found in recommended weeding treatment, being followed by the herbicide treatments. Weed control treatments significantly affected the yield components as well as grain yield of rice. The highest grain yield (4.48 t/ha) was contributed by weed free treatment, and the least (2.8 t/ha) was observed in unweeded treatmenmt. Data indicated that application of herbicides offered higher benefit cost ratio (BCR) compared to conventional weed control treatments. In general, cost for herbicide application was only around 36% of the cost incurred through three times weeding cost in recommended weeding treatment (T₆). Considering gross return, net return, and cost of cultivation, Butachlor treatment contributed to the highest BCR, while the least was observed in both Setoff treatment as well as in recommended weeding treatment. Soil biomass carbon status was influenced markedly by different weed control treatments, particularly at early growth stages. Thereafter, biomass carbon status again regained until the end of the season with narrower difference s among the treatments. Results of the present study revealed that herbicides at recommended dose could be a vital alternative to conventional weed control approaches to increase weed control efficiency as well as profitability of rice cultivation. However, possible adverse impacts of herbicide residues on crop growth, soil environment , and also surrounding ecosystems should also be under consideration . Further research involving long term experimentation might be essential in this regard.

Knowledge Management: Journal