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Rhizome Rot Disease of Ginger and Its Management

Dr. Md. Abdur Rahman
Chief Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701

Dr. Md. Monirul Islam
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701

Dr. Md. Julfikar Firoz
Principal Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701

Md. Abdul Wadud
Scientific Officer
Spices Research Center

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

During survey for diseases involving in rhizome rot, 1156 farmer fields in five districts namely Nilphamari, Rangpur, Bogra, Tangail and Khagrachari were visited for recording the incidence of disease. The lowest disease incidence was found in Bogra (34.5%) which was followed by Khagrachari (35.5%), Rangpur (38.0%) and Nilphamari (46.7%) while the highest disease incidence was recorded in Tangail (78.0%). Four different organisms were found associated with rhizome rot by investigating the samples in the laboratory. The identified organisms were Pythium aphanidermatu, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Ralstonia solanacearum which are causing rhizome rot of ginger and making the disease as complex having various intensities. Three separate experiments were conducted for confirmation of the results obtained from previous year during 2013-14 at Bogra, Gazipur and Ramgarh following RCBD having 8 treatments with three replications. The germination was found ranging from 80.0-97.0% under different treatment at various locations. Germination was higher at Bogra and Gaziupur compared to germination of Ramgarh. The developed necessary information and technology have been documented and disseminated in the form of Training Manual, leaflets and journal publications. Most of the materials distributed during training program of the farmers and extension personnel's. Finally, experience say to continue follow up work with wilt bacterium to minimize the yield loss as it is one of the potential pathogens of ginger rhizome damage. The developed technology of the project is very much effective for controlling rhizome rot disease of ginger incited by fungi but some additional works need to be done to develop the management technology for controlling bacterial wilt disease.

Keywords: Plant Pathology, Ginger, Species, Disease, Micro organisms

Location: Gazipur, Bogra, Khagrachari, Nilphamari, Rangpur and Tangail.

Start Date: 01-05-2011

End Date: 30-04-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

1) To identify the micro organisms associated with rhizome rot.

2) To develop appropriate management technologies for controlling rhizome rot disease in Bangladesh.

3) Validation of developed technologies to the farmers.

Methodology:

A total of 120 farmer's field representing two upazilla from each district and at least 10 ginger fields from each upazilla were surveyed. Upazilla of Sadar and Sayedpur from Nilphamari district, Sadar and Gangachara upazilla of Rangpur, Shibgong and Gabtali upazilla of Bogra, Modhupur and Ghatail upazilla of Tangail and Sadar and Dighinala upazilla of Khagrachari were included as locations. Incidence of rhizome rot was recorded from each field by following the formula given by Sagar et al. (2008). Percent Disease Incidence = Number of diseased plants counted / Total number of plants counted X 100. All samples were brought to laboratory and then tested in different media viz. V₈ juice agar, Pentra-chlor nitro-benzene (PCNB), Potato dextrose agar (PDA), nutrient agar and Tetrazolium Chloride (TZC) for isolation of fungus and bacteria. Observations were made every alternate day regarding development of rhizome rot and wilt symptoms of ginger. After the development of the typical symptoms of the disease, the pathogens were re-isolated and compared with original culture to prove the pathogenicity. Fungi in the genus Pythium were identified with the use of Waterhouse’s Monograph (1968) and keys of Hendrix and Papa (1974), and Fusarium spp. and Sclerotium spp. with Booth’s key (Booth, 1971 and 1977) and for bacterium (Jenkins and Kelma, 196). Two experiments were conducted at Gazipur out of four experiments. One experiment sat up at the Plant Pathology field and the other at PGRC field. In the Plant Pathology field experiment at Gazipur, seed treatment with Clorox was included in the treatment T₅ instead of seed treatment with Stable Bleaching Powder (20kg/ha). A shade was provided over the experiment of PGRC, field at Gazipur. Three on station experiments were conducted with following 8 treatments during 2013-14 cropping season to standardize and to confirm the control measure for rhizome rot at Gazipur, Bogra and Ramgarh.

Source of Information: Project ID No- (FRP): C- 9.6, Krishi Gobeshona Foundation (KGF)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council	Budget: 4351200
2.	Budget: 4351200

Total Budget (Tk.) : 4351200

Achievement/Findings:

Some causes of the rhizome rot disease of ginger have been identified and four organism specified viz., Pythium, Fusarium, Sclerotium are fungal species and one bacterium-Ralstonia solanacearun, causal agent of wilt successfully isolated from diseased rhizome. Sustainable technologies have been developed to control the rhizome rot disease such as “Seed treatment with Chlorox (10.0%) one day before sowing + Soil treatment with SBP (20kg/ha) in the furrow during sowing + Soil drenching with Chlorox and Ridomil gold alternately for 5 times at 10 days interval after 60 days of sowing”. Ginger yield has been increased 66.0% over national average have been achieved. Farmers’ economic condition was improved by using the developed technology through ginger cultivation as the BCR was achieved ranged from 4.58 to 4.85. Detection of bacterial association aggravates the situation of disease complex as it remains in the pilai (mother seed rhizome) through out the growing period. Finally socio economic condition of the farmers of Bangladesh will be improved.

Knowledge Management: