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Determination of Critical Limit of Soil Phosphorus for Sesame (seasamum Indicum L.)

M. R. Khan
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Q. Haque
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. H. Rahman
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. F. Islam
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. Tasmin
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a major oil seed crop occupying the second position both in area and production among the edible oil crops grown in Bangladesh. The average yield is 1.28 t ha-^I (BBS, 2006) which is low and of the factors concerned, the nutrient deficiency might be a major one for lower productivity and of the nutrients, phosphorus deficiency is widespread and acute in Bangladesh soils. Phosphorus is an essential component of balanced fertilization for increasing yield and quality of crops. Application of P significantly increased the seed and stalk yield of sesame as well as the protein content of the oil. Phosphorus significantly increased plant height, branches plant", capsules plant", seeds capsules", seed weight plant", seed index, seed yield ha^-1. Phosphorus has also significant effect on the nitrogen content in legumes. For the high yield goal of sesame with medium soil P status, phosphorus is needed at the rate of 10-18 kg ha' (BARC, 2005). In Bangladesh, application of fertilizers is being recommended on the basis of different soil fertility classes (BARC, 2005). Realizing the importance of P needs, the present study was undertaken to determine the best procedure for extracting soil P that gives the highest correlation with plant dry matter production, and to determine critical limit of soil P for sesame.

Keywords: Sesame, Soil, Soil phosphorus, Oil seed crops, Soil nutrients.

Location: From the Soil Series of Sara, Gongachara, Nunny, Jamun, Sonatala, Domar, Amnura, Polashbari and Melandha.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

To determine the best procedure for extracting soil Phosphorus that gives the highest correlation with plant dry matter production, and
To determine critical limit of soil Phosphorus for sesame.

Methodology:

The experiment was set up in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and a total of 9 pots for every soil. Thus, the total number of pots in the experiment was 144 (3 treatments x 3 replication x 16 soils). One kilogram sub-sample of air-dry, 2 mm sieved soil was weighed in 9 pots for each soil series. Sesame variety BINA til-I was used as a test crop. Nine seeds were sown in each pot. Plant and soil samples (both initial and after harvest) were analyzed for different properties following standard methods. Available P content of soil was extracted by the three different methods such as (i) Olsen method (0.5 N NaHC0₃ solution at pH 8.5), (ii) Bray method (0.03 N NH4F+0.1N HCI) (Bray & Kurtz 1945) and (iii) Nelson method (0.05 N HCl + 0.025 N H₂S0₄) (Nelson et al. 1953). The texture, pH, organic matter content and extractable phosphorus content of soils series are presented in Table 1. The textural class of the soils under study was sandy loam, silty loam, clay loam and loam. The pH of the soils ranged from 4.7 to 7.8 and among them 13 soils having pH of 4.7-5.7, 2 soils pH of 6.0-6.1 and one soil pH is 7.8. Organic matter content of the different soils ranged from 0.85 to 1.73 %. The amount of extractable P varied considerably depending on the soils and extractants used. The range of extractable P of Olsen, Bray and Nelson extractants were 9.83 (Atwari) - 38.15 (Manda), 6.66 (Farabari) - 28.6 (Manda), 18 (Atwari) - 45 (Manda) ppm respectively. The maximum amount of P was extracted by Nelson method (28.9 ppm, mean of 16 soils) followed by Olsen (22.1 ppm) and the minimum by Bray (14.6 ppm). concerned, the highest extraction was obtained from Manda (45 ppm) and the lowest from Farabari soil series (6.66 ppm). The mean values of P extracted by different extractants ranked in the order of Nelson> Olsen> Bray. The differences in the amounts of P extracted by different extractants were mainly due to their selectivity in solubilizing different fractions of phosphorus.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 35 (2) 2010, BARC

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Depending on the soils and methods the amount of extractable P varied markedly and the order of extractions by different method were Nelson > Olsen> Bray. Dry matter yield responded better to P applied when the extractable P contents were low. The critical limit of soil extractable P for sesame by Bray, Olsen and Nelson methods were estimated as 8.1, 18.7 and 22.5 ppm. Among the three P extraction methods, the R² value for the Nelson method was the highest. Thus the Nelson method (R² = 0.178) can be treated as the best method for P extraction from soil.

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